The presence of predators has been hypothesized to induce changes in behavior an

Question

The presence of predators has been hypothesized to induce changes in behavior and morphology of prey. Consider the graph below comparing activity levels of snails reared either in the presence or absence of their crab predator. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found that F1,10 = 6.12; and p = 0.043. Answer the following questions:

What is/are the independent variable(s)?

                Predator presence/ absence

                Predator activity level

                Prey presence/ absence

                Pretty activity level

What is/are the dependent variable(s)?

                Predator presence/ absence

                Predator activity level

                Prey presence/absence

Prey activity level

The independent variable(s) is/are

                Numerical and continuous

                Numerical and discrete

                Categorical and nominal

                Categorical and ordianl

The dependent variable(s) is/are

                Numerical and continuous

                Numerical and discrete

                Categorical and nominal

                Categorical and ordianl

Which treatment would you consider to be the ?control??

                No predator; no prey

                No predator; prey

                Predator; no prey

                Predator; prey

What does the height of each bar represent, per group?

                Mean activity level

                Maximum activity level

                Summed activity level

                Variance in activity level

What is the null hypothesis for this experiment?

                Equal mean activity in the two groups

                Equal variance in activity in the groups

                More mean activity with no predators

                More variable activity with no predators

What is the probability of getting an F value of 6.12 if the null hypothesis is true?

                0.05

                0.043

                4.3

                0.95

Given the reported statistical results, would the null hypothesis be rejected with an ? = 0.05 or 0.01?

                Yes at both 0.05 and 0.01

                Yes at 0.05, but no at 0.01

                No at both 0.05 and 0.01

                Cannot be determined

Given the reported statistical results, to what degree is the proposed ecological hypothesis supported?

                Strongly

                Weakly

                It is not

                Cannot be determined

Explanation / Answer

* Independent variables are predator activity level

* The dependent variables are predator presence/absence

* The independent variables at prey activity level are categorical and nominal

* The dependent varables at prey level is/are numerical and discrete

* The control is No predator, prey

* The height of each bar per group represents Mean activity level

* The null hypothesis for this experiment is equal mean activity in the two groups

* The probability of getting an F value of 6.12 if the null hypothesis is true is 0.043

* The observed P value is less than 0.05 and greater than 0.01. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level of significance and accepted at 1% level of significance. So, the answer is yes at 0.05, but no at 0.01

* There is only satisfactory statistical result but not strong result to support the hypothesis. So, it is weakly supported.

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