Chemistry: The Central Science, 12e (Brown et al.) Revision on Chapters 2, 3 and
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Chemistry: The Central Science, 12e (Brown et al.) Revision on Chapters 2, 3 and 6 Matter & Measurement: Atoms, Molecules and lons; Properties of Solutions Multiple-Choice Questions In the following list, only is not an example of matter. A) planets B) light C) dust D) elemental phosphorus E) table salt What is the physical state in which matter has no specific shape but does have a specific volume? gas B) solid D) salts E) ice The law of constant composition applies to A) solutions B) heterogeneous mixtures CO compounds D) homogeneous mixtures E) solids. A combination of sand, salt, and water is an example of a A) homogeneous mixture B) heterogeneous mixture C) compound D) pure substance E) solid. A small amount of salt dissolved in water is an example of a A) homogeneous mixture B) heterogeneous mixture C) compound D) pure substance E) solid Which one of the following is a pure substance? A) concrete B) wood. C) salt water D) elemental copper E) milk Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. DR 1 of 6 1435 WordsExplanation / Answer
1. In the following examples, light is not a form of matter.
2. Liquid is the physical state which has specific volume but no specific shape.
3. The law of constant composition applies to compounds.
4. A combination of sand, salt and water is a heterogeneous mixture.
5. A small amount of salt dissolved in water is an example of homogeneous mixture.
6. Elemental Copper is a pure substance.
7. Heterogeneous mixture is easily separated by techniques such as filtering or decanting.
8. An element cannot be separated into other substances by chemical means.
9. Homogeneous mixtures are also known as solutions.
10. Water is 11% Hydrogen and 89% Oxygen by mass is an illustration if law of constant composition.
11. Tarnishing of silver is a chemical reaction.
12. Mass is not an intensive property.
13. Rusting of iron and decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen is a chemical reaction.
14. 1 liter is equivalent to 1 cubic decimeter.
15. An object with volume 3.94*10^-24 nm3 and a mass of 7.93*10^-1 ng is the most dense.
16. A molecule of water contains hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:8 by mass. This is the law of constant composition.
17. Atoms are composed of electrons, protons and neutrons is not a postulate of Dalton's atomic theory.
18. Alpha and beta get deflected in opposite direction, while gamma is unaffected.
19. Beta rays consist of fast moving electrons.
20. Gold foil experiment conducted in Rutherford's lab confirmed presence of atomic nucleus.
21. In the Rutherford's model, the heavy subatomic particles, neutrons and protons reside inside the nucleus.
22. Electrons are the smallest and lightest subatomic particles.
23. There are 54 electrons, 54 protons and 78 neutrons in an atom of Xe.
24. 29 protons, 29 electrons and 34 neutrons in Copper.
25. Octane is non- polar and water is polar.
26. Salvation is also known as dissolving in water.
27. In a saturated solution, the amount of dissolved solute is in equilibrium with the undissolved solute.
28. A supersaturated solution has concentration higher than the solubility.
29. A supersaturated solution is the one having concentration higher than the solubility.
30. Vitamin B is water soluble.
31. A homogeneous mixture cannot be a colloid.
32. The process of solute particles surrounded by solvent particles is called salvation.
33. Pairs of liquids that mix in all proportions are called miscible liquids.
34. Crystallization is based on differences in solubility of a solute in a solvent.
35. 1 litre is equivalent to 1dm3
36. The melting point of a substance is a physical change and is a physical intensive property.
37. The law that states that changes to matter do not create or destroy mass is the law of conservation of mass.
38. All atoms of a given element have the same mass, number of protons, electrons and neutrons.
39. Option B is correct as isotopes should have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
40. In the periodic table, the elements are arranged in increasing atomic number.
41. Elements in the same group of the periodic table exhibit similar physical and chemical properties.
42. Tarnishing is a chemical change and it is the chemical property or oxidative property which leads to this change.
43. crenation is the contraction of red blood cells when placed in a hypertonic or high-pressure solution, such as salt water. If we don't drink enough water, then the salt concentration increases and results in shrinkage of red blood cells.
44. Element - 21k gold.
Compound - Bronze.
Homogeneous mixture - Air
Heterogeneous mixture - Chocolate chips.
45. Unsaturated - more amount of salt can be dissolved.
Supersaturated - addition of salt results in precipitation of the salt.
46. 4 significant figures as the preceding zeroes don't have any significance. HenCe, the statement is false.
47. The statement is false as Water is a triatomic molecule since it consists of 2 Hydrogen atoms and one Oxygen atom.
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