1- name 4 basic transport method by which the cell uses to import/export molecul

Question

1- name 4 basic transport method by which the cell uses to import/export molecules

2- what is the role if eukaryotic cilia ?

3- name 3 types of protin that help to traffic vesicles and origin destination of the vesicles

4- what is the elongation stage of transcription

5- what happens during the major steps of the cycle cell

6- what is the problem with supercoiling of DNA during DNA replication

7- Name 3 event that occur during the elongation stage of protin production

"" Answer ALL of them please ""

Explanation / Answer

1Q. The Cell is made of phospholipid bilayer and it selectively allows influx and efflux of ions and molecules across it, which is essential for maintenance of homeostatic conditions of the cell to survive. The basic mechanisms of cell transport are given below.

1.Diffusion: Diffusion is a type of passive transport. Passive transport of molecules is independent of energy requirement, and the transport or diffusion of molecule across the channel is facilitated by the concentration gradient. Eg: Diffusion of water and gases such as oxygen across cell membrane.

2. Facilitated diffusion: Facilitated diffusion involves the transport of transport of molecules using the membrane bound proteins. For example, ion channels allow the transport of ions into and out of the cell, which are otherwise, cannot pass through cell membrane. Eg: Facilitated diffusion of charged ions such as Cl- Na+, K+ etc.

3. Primary active transport: Active transport needs energy, and it help to move ions against their concentration gradients. In primary active transport, energy is utilised to cause confirmational change to the transport protein structure, and molecules are transported against their concentration gradients. Eg: Na+/K+ ATPase antiport pump.

4. Secondary active transport: In this transport, energy is used to establish a concentration gradient across the cell membrane for the molecule or ion of interest and then this gradient is applied to transport required molecule up its concentration gradient. Eg: Na+ - glucose secondary transport.

Both active transport and facilitated diffusion use carrier molecules for the transport of ions or molecules, thus they are similar in this regard. But in active transport, ions move against their concentration gradient (from lower to higher concentration) and in facilitated diffusion, ions move according to their concentration gradient (from higher to lower concentration). Thus, they are differing.

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