Competency Question 1. What does it mean when a chemist says an aqueous solution

Question

Competency Question 1.

What does it mean when a chemist says an aqueous solution is “neutral”?

Your answer should cover the fundamental definition in one grammatically-correct sentence.

Competency Question 2.

What chemical species must be present to make a buffer?

What is the ideal ratio between the species in the buffer? What two ratios define the limits of a useful buffer?

Your first answer should cover the fundamental definition in one grammatically-correct sentence. Your second answer should include three ratios, clearly defined, in one grammatically-correct sentence

Competency Question 3.

Draw the best Lewis structure for these acid molecules: ____ and ____.

The instructors will choose two molecules for the exam. Both structures must be perfect to get credit for this question. Hint: some of the structures require an expanded octet.

Possible compounds: HCH3CO2, H2CO3, H2SO4, H3PO4, HClO4.

Competency Question 4.

Determine the pH of a _0.110_M solution of acetic acid (Ka = 1.76×10-5) in water.

Determine the pH of a _0.510_M solution of ammonia (Kb = 1.79×10-5) in water.

The instructors will choose either acetic acid or ammonia for the exam. They will choose a concentration between 0.110 M and 0.510 M. (just use those two M for an example)

Your full-credit answer must show (1) the equilibrium reaction equation and ICE table, (2) the Ka or Kb equilibrium constant expression, (3) essential mathematical work, and (4) the correct solution pH as the final answer.

Explanation / Answer

Question 1. By aqueous solution is “neutral” a chemist refrers to A solution with water (H2O) as the solvent and a pH of 7.0

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