In the following table, columns A, B and C refer to these gaseous equilibria: A.

Question

In the following table, columns A, B and C refer to these gaseous equilibria: A. N_2O_4 2NO_2 Delta H is positive B. CO_2 + H_2 CO + H_2O Delta H is positive C. SO_2 + 1/2 O_2 SO_3 Delta H is negative For each reaction, tell the effect on K_e and on the equilibrium of each change listed in the table. Assume that each change affects the reaction mixture only after it has already once reached equilibrium. Use the following symbols in completing the table: +, -, O, R, and L to mean increase, decrease, no effect, shift right, and shift left, respectively.

Explanation / Answer

According to Lechatlier's Principle:

* Increase in amount of reactants or decrease in amount of products shifts the equilibrium towards right.

* Decrease in amount of reactants or increase in amount of products shifts the equilibrium towards left.

* Increase in pressure shifts the equilibrium towards less number of gas substances.

* Decrease in pressure shifts the equilibrium towards more number of gas substances.

* Equal number of gas substances at both sides, no effect of pressure/volume on equilibrium.

* Increase in temperatue shifs the equilibrium towards endothermic side.

* Decrease in temperature shifts the equilibrium towards exothermic side.

* Addition catalyst does not affect the equilibrium position but it speeds up the reaction to reach equilibrium fast. It increases the rate of both forward and backward reactions equally.

* Addition of inert gas at constant volume does alter the partial pressure of individual gas, hence has no effect on equilibirum.

* Addition of inert gas at constant pressure increase the volumes, hence it shifts the equilibrium towards more number of gas substances.

* Equilibrium constant, K, is the ratio of produtc of concentrations of products to the product of concentrations of reactants.

Its value is not effected by any factor except Temperat

Change A.effect on psotion A. effec on Kp B.effect on psotion B. effec on Kp C.effect on psotion C. effec on Kp Decrease in total P Right No change No change No change Left Decrease Increase in T Right Increase Right Increase Left Decrease Decrease in Partial pressure of last named gas Right No change Right No change Right No change A catlyst added No change no change No change No change No change No change Argon gas added keeping total pressure constant Right No change No change No change Left No change

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