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ID: 52736 • Letter: T

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A condition has a recessive inheritance pattern for a gene called G (recessive allele is g). The mother is homozygous for the recessive allele and the father is homozygous for the dominant allele. Consider their potential offspring. What is possible in their offspring? (Note: if you have read ahead, this condition is not sex-linked) (Note: This condition follows normal, Mendelian patterns of inheritance.)

Receiving a G allele from the mother

Consider FIG. 16.18 from How Life Works (page 16-15 in print textbook, in section 16.5 of eBook [eBook has no page numbers]), “Pedigree of a trait caused by a dominant allele.” In this figure, which of the following is accurate? Pick the one best statement.

Circles indicate males while squares indicate females

Amino acid, protein, allele, mRNA, proteins, codons

Look at the VISUAL SYNTHESIS FIG. 20.26 “Genetic Variation and Inheritance” on p. 20-18 & 20-19 (in print textbook or at the end of section 20.5 in the eBook). The BRCA1 gene encodes… (choose all that apply)

A gene that, when mutated, is associated with breast cancer

None of the answer options is correct.

a circular strand of DNA capable of self-replication

A true breeding black rabbit is crossed with a true breeding white rabbit to produce an F1 generation of 8 individuals. If the black color trait is dominant, which of the following represents the expected phenotype of an F1 generation cross?

6 black rabbits, 2 white rabbits, 0 grey rabbits

You have an F2 generation derived from two true-breeding parents (AA and aa) with different characteristics for the same trait (determined by a single allele). What percentage of the recessive phenotype would you expect to be true breeding if they were self-fertilized?

one allele for each gene if it is a true-breeding parent and two if it is an F1 offspring.

one allele for each gene if it has green seeds and two if it has yellow seeds.

True

mitosis / 96 / 24

diploid cells must undergo mitotic cell division in order to reproduce.

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells whereas meiosis occurs in germ cells.

Assume a gene has 2 alleles, Q and q. According to Mendelian principles, a homozygous male dog will produce Sperm in the ratio of 3 Q alleles to 1 q allele (3:1, Q:q) 50% of gametes with the Q allele and 50% of gametes with the q allele Gametes with only the q allele Eggs and sperm in the ratio of 1 Q allele to each 1 q allele (1:1, Q:q) Sperm with only the Q allele

There is no way to determine the answer to this question, given the information in the question stem

Receiving a g allele from the father Genotype gg Dominant phenotype Genotype GG Recessive phenotype

Receiving a G allele from the mother

Squares indicate homozygous recessive individuals while circles indicate heterozygous and homozygous dominant individuals Red indicates affected individuals while white indicates unaffected individuals Circles indicate individuals with brachydactyly while squares indicate individuals without brachydactyly

Circles indicate males while squares indicate females

Choose the list of words that properly fills in the blanks in this statement: A/an _____ is a segment of a _______ that may contain the code for a/an ______. This information is carried from the nucleus in the form of _____. Variants of ______ are called ______. (Pick the one best answer.) Codon, chromosome, amino acid, nucleotides, nucleotides, genes Gene, chromosome, protein, mRNA, genes, alleles Allele, gene, mRNA, amino acids, proteins, amino acids Genotype, phenotype, mRNA, amino acids, alleles

Amino acid, protein, allele, mRNA, proteins, codons

A gene with more than 1 allele, at least one of which is associated with breast cancer A gene that both men and women have A gene that codes for a protein which repairs DNA

A gene that, when mutated, is associated with breast cancer

If an individual is homozygous for a certain trait, it means that: the individual received the same allele from each parent. it is a recessive trait. it is a dominant trait. it is rare in the population.

None of the answer options is correct.

What is an allele? the external appearance of an organism a different form of a gene a group of unrelated genes seen in true breeding stock a spontaneous mutation

a circular strand of DNA capable of self-replication

2 black rabbits, 2 white rabbits, 4 grey rabbits 4 black rabbits, 2 white rabbits, 2 grey rabbits 8 black rabbits, 0 white rabbits, 0 grey rabbits 0 black rabbits, 0 white rabbits, 8 grey rabbits

6 black rabbits, 2 white rabbits, 0 grey rabbits

100% 33% 75% 25% 67%

In Mendel’s garden peas, each cell in a pea plant has a total count of:

one allele for each gene if it is a true-breeding parent and two if it is an F1 offspring.

one allele for each gene. two alleles for each gene. between one and four alleles for each gene.

one allele for each gene if it has green seeds and two if it has yellow seeds.

True or False? In prophase II of meiosis, the dividing cell is haploid. False

True

Somatic cells of a species of dragonfly have a diploid number of 48. If a cell in the ovary of this dragonfly was undergoing cell division, what type of cell division would be taking place? How many sister chromatids would there be in each cell at metaphase II? How many chromosomes would there be in each egg cell? meiosis/ 96 / 24 mitosis / 96 / 48 meiosis / 192 / 48 meiosis/ 48 / 24

mitosis / 96 / 24

13. Many single-celled eukaryotic organisms have evolved complex life cycles that include sexual reproduction. This means that: haploid cells must undergo meiotic divisions to form gametes. genetic material from two haploid cells is combined.

diploid cells must undergo mitotic cell division in order to reproduce.

14. Which of the following statements is FALSE? Individuals produced by asexual reproduction are clones of the parent. Individuals produced by asexual reproduction are haploid because fertilization does not occur to restore the diploid chromosome number. None of the answer options is false. Mitosis is the basis of asexual reproduction in many eukaryotes.

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells whereas meiosis occurs in germ cells.

True or False? A human somatic cell will have 92 chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis. True False

Explanation / Answer

Q1. Assume a gene has 2 alleles, Q and q. According to Mendelian principles, a homozygous male dog will produce?

Ans: A Homozygous condition of alleles means when both the alleles are identical i.e, either QQ or qq. In the question, it was given as male dog but which allele is present was not mentioned. So it could be either of the alleles and the gametes would be of one type only (Q or q). Hence the answer, one cannot determine the type of gametes produced.

Q2. A condition has a recessive inheritance pattern for a gene called G ( the recessive allele is g). The mother is homozygous for the recessive allele and the father is homozygous for the dominant allele. Consider their potential offspring. What is possible in their offspring? (Note: if you have read ahead, this condition is not sex-linked) (Note: This condition follows normal, Mendelian patterns of inheritance.)

Ans: A gene G follows recessive inheritance which means the phenotype is expressed only when both the alleles present in an organism are recessive in nature. In this case gg.

Mother has a homozygous recessive genotype gg and father is homozygous for dominant allele GG.Hence, these individuals produce only one type of gametes each mother g and father G. The F 1 progeny would all possess Gg genotype and dominant phenotype. The condition is not expressed.

Q3.Consider FIG. 16.18 from How Life Works (page 16-15 in print textbook, in section 16.5 of eBook [eBook has no page numbers]), “Pedigree of a trait caused by a dominant allele.” In this figure, which of the following is accurate? Pick the one best statement.

Ans: This question requires more background information.

Q4. Choose the list of words that properly fills in the blanks in this statement: A/an _gene____ is a segment of a __chromosome_____ that may contain the code for a/an __protein____. This information is carried from the nucleus in the form of _mRNA____. Variants of ___genes___ are called _alleles_____. (Pick the one best answer.)

Ans: Gene, chromosome, protein, mRNA, genes, alleles.

Q5. Same question as in Q4 is repeated.

Q6. Look at the VISUAL SYNTHESIS FIG. 20.26 “Genetic Variation and Inheritance” on p. 20-18 & 20-19 (in print textbook or at the end of section 20.5 in the eBook). The BRCA1 gene encodes… (choose all that apply)

Ans: Background information from the above-mentioned book is required.

Q7.If an individual is homozygous for a certain trait, it means that:

Ans: Being homozygous for an allele means that the alleles are identical. Which further means that the progeny has received identical allele from each parent as the genome of the individual is 50% from the mother and 50% from the father.

Q8. What is an allele?

Ans: Genes are sequences of DNA which carry the information for a trait. The genes coding for the same trait can come in many forms and these alternate forms of a gene are called alleles.

Q9. A true breeding black rabbit is crossed with a true breeding white rabbit to produce a F1generation of 8 individuals. If the black colour trait is dominant, which of the following represents the expected phenotype of a F1generation cross?

Ans: True breeding means the individual is homozygous for a particular allele and in the above, a true breeding black rabbit means the parent has two dominant black alleles BB and a true breeding white rabbit is vice-versa and has the genotype of bb. The gametes produced by the parents for the F1 generation are B and b and the resultant genotype is of only one type and is Bb. Since the black colour is dominant all the rabbits produced would be black.

Q10. You have an F2 generation derived from two true-breeding parents (AA and aa) with different characteristics for the same trait (determined by a single allele). What percentage of the recessive phenotype would you expect to be true breeding if they were self-fertilised?

Ans: If F0 parents are true breeding for a gene A and their genotypes are AA and aa then their F1 progeny would carry the genotype of Aa. When these individuals are self-fertilised then there would these resultant genotypes AA, Aa, Aa, aa. Since the A form of the gene is dominant only 25% of the progeny would possess recessive phenotype.

Q11. In Mendel’s garden peas, each cell in a pea plant has a total count of:

Ans: Garden pea plants are diploid in nature i.e. there are two sets of chromosome one from each parent. Hence, each gene has two copies in a cell. So, two alleles for each gene. if it is heterozygous and only one type of allele if it homozygous as allele is a form of a gene, not the gene number.

Q12. True or False? In prophase II of meiosis, the dividing cell is haploid.

Ans: Prophase 2 of meiosis is similar to the mitosis where a diploid cell duplicates its genetic material sufficient for two cells and gives rise to two identical diploid cells. The ploidy of the cell involved is diploid. Hence the answer is false

Q14. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Ans individuals produced by asexual reproduction are not haploid as mitosis occurs to maintain the diploid nature of the cells.

Q15. True or False? A human somatic cell will have 92 chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis.

Ans: During anaphase, a human cell is in the diploid state with 46 chromosomes but to these chromosomes, the spindle fibres would be attached separating them into 92 chromatids. Since each chromatid has all the information in a chromosome it can be considered as a single chromosome. Hence answer is true.

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