What statement(s) describes a concentration gradient? A. Extracellular fluid con

Question

What statement(s) describes a concentration gradient? A. Extracellular fluid contains 13.5 mmol of calcium, and 9 mmol of calcium is in the plasma. B. Red blood cells cytoplasm contains a 0.9% salt solution. The extracellular fluid is 1.0%. C. Oxygen in blood plasma is .31 per 100 ml. Oxygen carried with hemoglobin is .69 per 100 ml. D. The temperature inside the car is 39 degrees Celsius and the temperature outside the care is 39 degree Celsius.

In a symporter what event(s) can occur? (Select all that apply) A. Symporters are peripheral membrane proteins. B. Symporters can move different substances in opposite directions. C. When sodium and sucrose move through a transporter, sodium goes down its gradient. D. Symporters must establish a gradient with an ion to work. E. Moving sugar against its gradient is an example of active transport.

You have just gotten clear images of the intracellular localization of your favorite protein tagged with GFP. In your excitement, you tell your P.I. (Principal Investigator), “Yay! My protein is localized to the plasma membrane -- now I know what it does!” “That’s great!” she replies with a bit of sarcasm, “That narrows it down. After all, the plasma membrane is responsible for just the following functions…” (Select all that apply.) A. Cell-type specific identification by glycoproteins B. Connections to the cytoskeleton C. Gene transcription D. Interaction with the extracellular matrix E. Receptors for signaling pathways F. mRNA translation

Estrogen and testosterone are structurally related to cholesterol. Based on what you have learned about cholesterol, predict how these steroid hormones signal to the cell.

A.They are phagocytosed, degraded, and then released into the cell. B.They make the membrane so fluid that small pores appear, allowing them to pass through. C.They bind to receptors on the outside of the membrane, which then activate an intracellular signaling cascade. D.They diffuse directly through the plasma membrane and into the cell.

Explanation / Answer

1. B. Red blood cells cytoplasm contains a 0.9% salt solution. The extracellular fluid is 1.0%.

Concentration gradient is the difference in concentration of a molecule across two membranes or compartments. For example, the cytoplasm of the red blood cells and the extracellular fluid are separated by a semi-permeable membrane, and both the sides the concentration of salt solution is different, which creates the gradient.

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