141 26. Write down two elements that are members of each of the following groups

Question

141 26. Write down two elements that are members of each of the following groups a) transition metals b) alkaline earth metals e) halogens J) alkali metals 27. Give reasons for the following a. Why is the first ionization energy of sulfur smaller than the first ionization energy of phosphorus? b. Why does the size of the transion elements stay roughly the same as you move acroas a period? c. How are electron affinity and electronegativity different? d· Describe the difference between a pure covalent bond and a polar covalent bond. 28. Give the set of four quantum numbers that could represent the electron gained to form the Br ION from the Br atom. E)n-5, I .mla.1,ins = + 1.lns = + = B)n=4. 1-0, m 2 29·Choose the ground state electron configuration for Zr2

Explanation / Answer

26)

a) d-block elements are called as transition elements.

Example: Copper (Cu) and Iron (Fe)

b) IIA group elements are called as alkaline earth metals

Example: Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca)

(C) VII group elements are called as halogens.

Example. Fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl)

(D) IA group elements are called as alkali metals.

Example: Sodium (Na) and lithium (Li)

28)

Outer most electronic configuration of Br- ion is 4s^2 4p^6

4P^6

For this n=4, for p orbital l=1

ml values are -l to +l

Hence four quantum number are

n= 4, p=1, ml=+1,ms= -1/2

Hence correct option is (C)

29)

Zr electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d^2 5s^2

Zr2+ electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d^2

Hence correct option is (C)

27)

a) sulfur outermost electronic configuration is 3s2 3p4

If it loses one electron then it's electronic configuration is 3s2 3p3. Half filled electronic configuration. More stable.

Phosphorus electronic configuration is 3s2 3p3. This already have half filled electronic configuration. So it is very difficult to remove an electron from this.

Hence first ionization energy of sulfur is smaller than Phosphorus.

(b) due to lanthanide contraction.

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