In an existing process, 180 kgmol/h of C,H, (P) is mixed with 420 kgmol/h of a m

Question

In an existing process, 180 kgmol/h of C,H, (P) is mixed with 420 kgmol/h of a mixture containing 50% COC) and 50% H, (H) and with a recycle stream containing propylene and then fed to a reactor. 30% of the propylene fed to the reactor is consumed. The reactor effluent is sent to a separator. The desired product butanal (B) is removed in one stream, unreacted CO and H, are removed in a second stream, and unreacted P is recovered and recycled MserReactorSeparatorC P, C, How many material balance equations are there for the process? 4.0000

Explanation / Answer

There are 3 devices , mixer, reactor and separator. There are 3 reactant components and one product component.

The reaction is C3H6+CO+ H2 --------->C4H8O

molar flow rate of C3H6= 180 kmoles/hr, molar flow rate of CO= molar flow rate of H2= 0.5*420= 210 kmoles/hr.

since the molar ratio of C3H6:CO:H2= 1:1:1

Excess is CO and H2. Limiting is C3H6. Moles of C4H8O formed from   180 moles/hr of C3H6 and 180 moles/hr of each of CO and H2= 180 kmoles/hr of C4H8O ( this is based on overall balance on reaction)

moles of CO and H2 remaining and leaving point 6= 210-180= 30 kmoles/hr . This give rise to 2 material balance equations, 1 for CO balance and 1 for H2 balacne.

Pure C3H6 is recycled. To determine this one more material balnce equation across the reactor need to be written.

Let P= recycle ( point 5)

C3H6 entering = P+180

30% of propylene entering is converted, propylene converted = (P+180)*0.3= moles of C4H8O formed =180

P+180=180/0.3=600

P=600-180= 420 moles/hr ( tihs is the 4th balance equation).

Balance of CO and H2 across the reactor can also be done. Mole of CO and H2 entering the reactor= 210 kmoles/hr each. After reaction where 180 kmoles/hr of each of CO and H2 are consumed, moles of CO and H2 leaving the reactor= 210-180= 30 kmoles/hr each.

So the balance equtions are based on 3 devices, 3 reacting components and 1 product.

1. Component balance of C3H6

2.Overall balance of the system

3. Overall balance of CO

4. Overall balance of H2

5. Balance of C3H6 across the reactor

6. Balance of CO acros the reactor

7. Balance of H2 across the reactor

8. Balance of C3H6 across the separator

9. Balance of CO across the separator

10. Balance of H2 across the separator.

11. Balance of C4H8O across the separator

12. Balance of C3H6 across the mixer

13. Balance of CO acros the mixer

14. Balance of H2 acorss the mixer.

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