Compare two of the vesicle mediated processes we learned about in class (such as
ID: 81754 • Letter: C
Question
Compare two of the vesicle mediated processes we learned about in class (such as exocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, or autophagy), describe each process, including the types of protein sequences or modifications that serve as signals, and the role of each process in cellular function. For one of these processes, choose a protein important in regulation and describe what would happen if it was mutated so that its protein-protein interaction was no longer specific to its normal ligand?
Explanation / Answer
Answer:
Vesicle mediated cellular transport process is a transportation mechanism in which the substance to be transported are moved in membrane bound vesicles. They are either enclosed in the vesicle lumen or are located in the vesicle membrane.
The main steps of the process are -
Receptor mediated endocytosis (RME)
It is a process by which cells absorb substances (hormones, metabolites, proteins, etc.) by the inward budding of plasma membrane vesicles. These vesicles contain receptor proteins with sites specific to the molecule being engulfed. The best studied mechanism of RME is the Clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Steps in Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Function:
Pinocytosis
It is also known as cell drinking is a endocytosis process in which small particles are brought inside the cell through invagiination and formation of vesicles. These vesicles then fuse with lysosomes to free the particles brought in.
It is primarily used for absorption of extracellular fluids (ECF).
Comparison between Receptor-mediated endocytosis and Pinocytosis
Example of a receptor-mediated endocytosis (Transport of LDL via LDL receptor)
The Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) receptor is a protein that is responsible for the endocytosis of cholesterol-rich LDL.
In humans, LDL receptor protein is encoded by the LDLR gene on chromosome 19.
Mutations in this gene are know to cause hypercholesterolaemia.
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