The lowest barometric pressure recorded to date on Earth was during Typhoon Tip
ID: 923914 • Letter: T
Question
The lowest barometric pressure recorded to date on Earth was during Typhoon Tip in the Western Pacific on 12 October 1979. The recorded pressure was 870.0 mbar (millibar). Fill in the blanks below by converting this atmospheric pressure into the units indicated. For this problem only, write all of your answers to three sig figs, since many different possible methods of converting can result in many different numbers of sig figs. The pressure of a 1.05 L sample of an ideal gas is increased from 65 torr to 150 torr at constant temperature. What is the new volume of the gas? The standard car engines in mid-performance street cars typically have compression ratios of about 8.50 to 1, while most diesel engines have compression ratios of about 21.5 to 1. Assuming that both types of engines are operating at sea level, the fuel / air mixture forms an ideal gas in both engines, the temperature of the fuel air mixture remains constant in both engines and the uncompressed volume of the cylinders in both engines is 1.25 L, calculate the pressure, in units of atmospheres, in both a typical street car engine and a typical diesel engine, when the fuel / air mixture is compressed for ignition. As an example of what "compression ratio" means, if the uncompressed volume of an engine's cylinder is 1.60 L, and if that engine has a compression ratio of 7.25 to 1, then the volume of the cylinder when the fuel / air mixture is compressed for ignition is equal to (1.60 L 7.25 = 0.221 L. The temperature of an ideal gas is decreased from 65.0 degree C to 18.0 degree C at constant pressure. The final volume of the gas is 2.79 L. What was the initial volume of the gas?Explanation / Answer
1-6) 1 mbar = 0.00098 atm = 0.0145 psi = 0.001 bar = 0.75 torr = 0.029 in Hg = 0.75 mm Hg
870 m bar = 0.8526 atm = 12.615 psi = 0.87 bar = 652.5 torr = 25.23 in Hg = 625.5 mm Hg
1-7) At constant temperature, relation between pressure and volume is boyle's law.
V1 = 1.05 L ; P1 = 65 torr ; V2=? ; P2 = 150 torr
So, P1V1 = P2V2
=> V2 = P1V1/ P2
= 65 x 1.05/150 = 0.42 L
8-9) A street car engine has compression ration of 8.5:1.
Uncompressed volume of cylinder, V1 = 1.25 L at sea level P1 = 1 atm
Volume of compressed cylinder, V2 = 1.25/8.5 L ; P2= ?; at constant temperature
So, P1V1 = P2V2
1 x 1.25 = P2 x 1.25/8.5
=> P2 = 8.5 atm
Similarly, pressure of a diesel engine having compression ratio 21.5:1 will be 21.5 atm.
10) At constant pressure, relation between temperature and volume is charles law.
T1 = 65 0C = 273 + 65 = 338 K ; V1= ? ; T2 = 18 0C = 273 + 18 K = 291 K; V2 = 2.79 L
V1/T1 = V2/T2
=> V1/338 = 2.79/291
=>V1 = 3.24 L
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