What is the name when he producer and the target cell are same cell: a) autocrin
ID: 94939 • Letter: W
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What is the name when he producer and the target cell are same cell: a) autocrine b) paracrine c) endocrine d) exocrine The K_m of an enzyme for its substrate is a) a measure of the velocity at witch substrate is converted to product b) a measure of the half maximal possible velocity at which substrate is converted to product c) is equal to (1/substrate]) - (1/V_max) d) is inversely related to affinity of the active sits for substrate e) K_m = 1/2 (1 - V_max) Regulatory enzymes are often: a) metabolic b) allosteric c) inhibitory d) competitive The interaction of a protein and its ligand is: a) specific b) saturable c) of high affinity d) all of these A competitive enzyme inhibitor: a) alters active site conformation b) reduce possible V_max c) increases apparent K_m for substrate d) is allosteric What is the source of energy for Active transport: a) concentration gradient of solute b) isotonic reversal c) cellular ATP, direct or indirect What is the source of energy for establishing and maintaining the resisting membrane potential of all cells: a) Acetylcholine receptors b) Na^/K^+ ATPase c) depolarization potential d) ouabain-insensitive-Na^+/Ca^+ antiport Facilitated diffusion moves solutes: a) in or out of cells to equilibrium b) from low to high concentrations c) at the expense of ATP d) a + b + c e) none of these Passive diffusion (selective permeability) moves solutes: a) in or out of cells to equilibrium b) from low to high concentrations c) at the expense of ATP d) a+ b + c e) none of theseExplanation / Answer
13. When the producer and the target cell gets itself activated, scientifically it is termed as a) autocrine signaling. This is a form of cell signaling where the producer cell secreted hormone (called the chemical messenger or autocrine messenger) binds to its own autocrine receptors, which leads to certain changes in the cell.
14. The Km of an enzyme is the substrate concentration, in which the enzyme permits to achieve half of its velocity (half Vmax). This decider suggest that when the Km value is high, then enzyme has got low affinity for the substrate, which in turn requires more concentration of substrate to get to the Vmax.
From the options given, the right pick would be b) a measure of the half maximum possible velocity at which substrate is converted to product.
15. Regulatory enzymes are often having multiple subunit structure and they have two different binding sites, once for the substrate and other for the modulators. The allosteric site of the enzymes comes in use when modulators active or inhibits their activity.
b) Allosteric, as they do participate indifferent regulatory activity like proteolysis, so they get regulated allosterically.
16. The interaction of a protein and its ligand is a) specific. As we know a ligand binds to a protein very weakly, by ionic bond or Van der Walls interactions, also it serves as a signal molecule for the substrate, so the saturation and high affinity is not true.
17. A competitive enzyme inhibitor occupies the active side of the enzyme, which is then no longer available for the substrate. They do not interfere with the enzyme-substrate concentration, so they have no effect on Vmax. Thus our correct answer choice from here will be c) Increases apparent Km for the substrate.
18. For active transport the source of energy comes from some power source as the molecules are apparently going against a concentration gradient, from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. So the correct choice is c) cellular ATP, direct or indirect.
19. For passive diffusion, selective permeability the source of energy is a) concentration gradient of solute, molecules passes freely to a semipermeable cell membrane in case of any living system.
20. The establishment of resting potential is only achieved when the neuron cells junctions receives specific ions. The cell inside reached to a negative value to its outside, generally the range is between +40 to -70mV. And this process is achieved by the help of Na+ ions more of outside and K+ ions inside. The right answer is b) Na+/K+ ATPase.
21. Facilitated diffusion moves solutes when the protein career molecules takes up the specific substances, the charged substances are received by the cell when there is a concentration gradient. It is a type of passive transport, but here this does not necessarily equilibrate the cell inside and outside gradient. The right answer is e) none of these.
22. Looking at the answer from the 19th question we can say that passive diffusion just creates an equilibrium, it does not require ATP, nor does it go against a concentration gradient. Here the answer will be a) in or out of cells to equilibrium.
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