Choanoflagellates are the closest living relatives to (plants/animals/fungi). Ch

Question

Choanoflagellates are the closest living relatives to (plants/animals/fungi). Choanoflagellates are (colonial/multicellular) (Protists/Animals). Sponges are (colonial/multicellular) (Protists/Animals). Sponges do share key traits with choanoflagellates: 1. Sessile life which means that adults live (swimming freely/attached permanently to a substrate) 2. Choanocytes cells with flagella that are used for (swimming/feeding) by trapping food particles and ingesting them. Animals are a (monophyletic/paraphyletic) group that al share a common ancestor. All animals are (unicellular/colonial/multicellulular.) Sponges are the most primitive of animals yet they share many developmental genes with other animals. Describe an hypothesis for the evolution of animals from colonial heterotrophic protists _____ hollow sphere of unspecialized cells (blastula) ______ gastrula-like proto animal ______ infolding of blastula to form the gastrula ______ beginning of cell specialization

Explanation / Answer

1.0.3 Choanoflagellates are closest living relatives to animals

Choanoflagellates are colonial protists.

Sponges are multicellular animals.

Sponges share characteristics with choanoflagellates:

1.Sessile life attached permanently to substrate.

2. Choanocytes cells with flagella used for feeding by trapping food particles.

Hypothesis: Animals have evolved from colonial heterotrophic protistis as the cells of the colony differentiated into different cell types of a multicellular animal.

Order of the steps:

1.Colonial protist an aggregate of identical cells

2.Hollow sphere of unspecialized cells (blastula)

3.. Beginning of cell specialization in blastula.

4. Infolding of blastula to form gastrula

5. gastrula like protoanimal

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