Recognize the factors that influence enzymatic activity, and how they influence

Question

Recognize the factors that influence enzymatic activity, and how they influence Understand what is meant be naturing. Be able to distinguish competitive and noncompetitive inhibition. Recognize the term: ribozyme Recognize the three types of phosphorylation reactions that generate ATP. Recognize the function (purpose) of metabolic pathways. Recognize the major stages in cellular respiration? Know which ones require oxygen Recognize alternative pathways: pentose phosphate and Entner-Doudoroff pathway Be able to compare the energy yield (ATP) of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Understand why fermentation may take place and be able to recognize products of Recognize major steps (products) of lipid and protein catabolism. Understand major between these and glucose catabolism. Know why biochemical tests are used to identify bacteria in the laboratory. Recognize the differences between the light-dependent and light-independent photosynthesis. Recognize the various nutritional patterns among organisms according to carbon mechanisms of carbohydrate catabolism and ATP generation. Recognize the term: amphibolic pathway. Recognize the major factors that affect growth

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

Answering five questions from the list:

1) Understand what is meaning by Denaturing:

Denaturation of proteins or nucleic acids refers to the process of disruption of the bonds that are responsible for stabilizing the structure of macromolecules. Denaturing can be caused by extreme pH and temperature conditions, by acids and bases, agitation of macromolecules, exposure to organic solvents, increasing salt concentration etc.

2) Competitive vs non competitive inhibition: A competitive inhibitor inhibits the enzyme by binding specifically at the enzyme's active site where as in case of non competitive inhibitor the inhibitor can bind at some other site of the enzyme (other than the active site) or the enzyme-substrate complex. In case of competitive inhibitor the Vmax doesnot change, however, incase of non competitive inhibitor the Vmax value decreases.

3) Ribozyme: Ribozymes are RNA molecules that can perform catalysis (that is Ribozymes have catalytic activity).Ribozymes functions in cleaving (hydrolyzing) the phosphodiester bond and also performs RNA trans-esterification (example RNase P and Hammerhead Ribozyme)

4) Three types of phosphorylation reactions that generate ATP: Three types of chemical reactions that generate ATP are: Substrate level phosphorylation, Oxidative Phosphorylation and photo-phosphorylation

5) Function of metabolic pathways: Metabolic pathways are sequence of chemical reactions that occur within the cell of a living organism. There are numerous metabolic pathways that operate inside a living cell. Metabolic pathways involves breakdown of complex molecules into important metabolites that are crucial for cells growth and development. Metabolic pathways are involved in the generation of energy required by cell for functioning.

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