For this topic, you will do the topics from the attached list and construct two

Question

For this topic, you will do the topics from the attached list and construct two one-page concept sketches. Remember that a concept sketch consists of a sketch (or series of sketches), labels, and complete sentences written around the sketch describing the important processes or parts of the sketch. For this topic, select a life topic from the attached list and construct a concept sketch. Remember that a concept sketch consists of a sketch (or series of sketches), labels, and complete sentences written around the sketch describing the important processes or parts of the sketch. Attached list: Pleistocene megafauna and their extinction: the types and characteristic of large creatures that lived during the Ice Age, when they became extinct, and different theories for why they disappeared.

NEED SKETCHor series of sketches AND LABELS AND DESCRIBING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!or series of sketches

NEED SKETCH!

NEED SKETCH

NEED SKETCH

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Explanation / Answer

The Late Pleistocene ,13,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE, extinction event saw the extinction of many mammals weighing more than 40 kg. The proportional rate of megafauna extinctions is consecutively larger the greater the migratory distance from Africa.

The extinctions in the Americas entailed the elimination of all the larger (over 1000 kg) mammalian species of South American origin, including those that had migrated north in the Great American Interchange. Only in the continents of Australia, North America, and South America did the extinction occur at family taxonomic levels or higher.

The proportional rate of megafauna extinctions being incrementally bigger the larger the migratory distance from Africa might be related to non-African megafauna and Homo sapiens sapiens (anatomically modern humans) not having evolved as species alongside each other.

For their part specifically, Australia, North America and South America, which respectively had the highest incremental extinction rates, had no known native species of Hominoidea(apes) at all, much less species of Hominidae (greater apes), and especially not native species of the Homo subgroup (the genus Homo comprises the species Homo sapiens, which includes modern humans, as well as several extinct species classified as ancestral to or closely related to modern humans; all indigenous human groups are ultimately descendants of anatomically modern humans recently migrated out of Africa in anthropological time scale).

The increased rate of extinction mirrors the sequential pattern of the migration of anatomically modern humans. The further away from Africa, the more recently the area has been inhabited by humans, and the less time the environments (including its megafauna) had had to accustomize to human arrival and vice versa.

THEORIES OF EXTINCTION:

There is no evidence of megafaunal extinctions at the height of the Last Glacial Maximum, indicating that increasing cold and glaciation were not factors.There are three main hypotheses concerning the Pleistocene extinction:

There are some inconsistencies between the current available data and the prehistoric overkill hypothesis. For instance, there are ambiguities around the timing of sudden extinctions of Australian megafauna. Biologists note that comparable extinctions have not occurred in Africa and South or Southeast Asia, where the fauna evolved with hominids. Post-glacial megafaunal extinctions in Africa have been spaced over a longer interval.

Evidence supporting the prehistoric overkill hypothesis includes the persistence of certain island megafauna for several millennia past the disappearance of their continental cousins. Ground sloths survived on the Antilles long after North and South American ground sloths were extinct. The later disappearance of the island species correlates with the later colonization of these islands by humans. Similarly, woolly mammoths died out on remote Wrangel Island 1,000 years after their extinction on the mainland. Steller's sea cows also persisted in seas off the isolated and uninhabited Commander Islands for thousands of years after they had vanished from the continental shores of the north Pacific.

Alternative hypotheses to the theory of human responsibility include climate change associated with the last glacial period and the Younger Dryas event, as well as Tollmann's hypothetical bolide, which claim that the extinctions resulted from bolide impact(s). Such a scenario has been proposed as a contributing cause of the 1,300-year cold period known as the Younger Dryas stadial. This impact extinction hypothesis is still in debate due to the exacting field techniques required to extract minuscule particles of extraterrestrial impact markers such as iridium at a high resolution from very thin strata in a repeatable fashion, as is necessary to conclusively distinguish the event peak from the local background level of the marker. The debate seems to be exacerbated by infighting between the Uniformitarianism camp and the Catastrophism camp.

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