Go to the following link and select two vaccine preventable diseases of your cho

Question

Go to the following link and select two vaccine preventable diseases of your choice. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/vaccines-diseases.html (Please select 2 disease that you have heard of before, something that you may have seen in the news - or something that you know that we tend to vaccinate against.) Most entries have contain the following sections: About the Disease, Vaccine Information, Beliefs & Concerns, Vaccine Safety, Who Should Not be Vaccinated?

1) For each disease summarize the most important information from all the sections for your chosen disease in a paragraph or two. Was there anything that surprised you?

2) Google your each disease of choice and find information about recent outbreaks of the disease. Were there any? What caused the outbreak? If the disease spread, can you tell me why? Please make sure that you cite your sources.

While most people can be vaccinated, some people can not receive vaccines for a number of reasons. The biggest group of people who can't be vaccinated are children who receive chemotherapy treatments for cancer. There is a smaller group that may be allergic ingredients of the vaccine. How can we - as a society - protect these children from catching the vaccine preventable disease? (I am looking for a technical term here - and an explanation what the technical term means.)

Explanation / Answer

1. Disease : Polio

Poliomyelitis or polio is caused by polio virus, which is an infectious disease, affecting muscles, resulting in inability to move.It spread as a result of contact with the infected person. Although, majority of the victims have no symptoms, but less than 1 % develop paralysis and die.

Vaccine : Polio vaccine is of two types : Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV).IPV is injected in the legs or arms of an infected person. 4 doses of IPV is given to children at the age of 2,4 and 6-18 months and a booster dose at 4-6 years.

who should not be vaccinated : Person having severe, life-threatening allergies ; person while receiving is not feeling well.

Disease : Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is caused by virus infecting liver. Chronic infection may lead to cirrhosis of liver, liver cancer and liver failure. It is spread through contact with body fluids and blood of infected person.

Vaccine : 3 doses of vaccine over a course of months is recommended. HBV infected mothers are vaccinated during pregnancy.

Who should not be vaccinated : Person having severe, life-threatening allergies ; person while receiving is not feeling well.

2. Polio : Vaccine-derived polio outbreaks is observed. Oral polio vaccine that is given to a child, weakens the virus replication in the gut and excretes out of the body. This virus can thus infect other children living in low vaccinated areas. This strains of virus have the capacity to mutate and convert into more virulent form.

Hepatitis B : At around 133 outbreak cases has been identified,i.e, 83 % of the outbreak were associated with infection control breaks during assisted monitoring of blood glucose.

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