Response To Questions From Part A To C A. B. a. b. c. Is a random mutation more

Question

Response To Questions From Part A To C A. B. a. b. c. Is a random mutation more likely to be beneficial or harmful? Explain Your Answer Which of the following examples is likely to be caused by a somatic mutation? A purple flower has a small patch of white tissue One child, in a family of seven, is an albino One apple tree, in a very large orchard, produces its apples 2 weeks earlier than any of the other tress A 60 year old smoker develops lung cancer During mismatch repair, why is it necessary to distinguish between the template strand and the newly made daughter strand? How is this accomplished? d. C.

Explanation / Answer

A. A mutation is a sudden change in the nucleotide sequence of the genome.
It can be deletion, insertion, duplication, inversion or substitution.
The effect/functional significance of a mutation depends upon its genomic location.
Mutations in intergenic sequences are generally not severe as they do not code for ant diffusible product.
Mutations in the coding regions are generally harmful. It is a very rare phenomenon of the occurrence of beneficial mutations (Hence evolution is a slow process).

B. Option A is correct.
Somatic mutations occur in the vegetative body cells (not in the reproductive cells).
A small patch of cells in a flower exhibiting white color is an example of somatic mutation. The somatic progenitor cell that divides to produce progeny cells must have acquired the mutation.

C. During mismatch repair, it is important to distinguish between the parental and the newly synthesized strand. This is because the repair system must recognize which is the mutant base. This is accomplished by recognizing the methylation patterns. Only the parental strand contains methylation.

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