I have a exam comming up and i am struglging can you please answer these questio
ID: 165561 • Letter: I
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I have a exam comming up and i am struglging can you please answer these question in as much details as possible please do not leave small answers, if you going to just write a few sentences and ignore questions pelase do not waste my question as i will just give it a negative review.
39 Answer BOTH parts. (a) Contrast the benefits and disadvantages of pulmonary drug delivery using a nebuliser versus a dry powder inhaler. Name an example of each type. (12 marks) (b) Discuss the problems with biotechnological drug products (ie. those containing large biomolecules such as proteins lipopolysaccharides, glycoproteins genetic material, etc). (8 marks)Explanation / Answer
Q1. Pulmonary disorders need the drug to be administered directly into the air passages and further into the lungs for efficient treatment and hence inhalers and nebulisers are popular in their treatment.
Nebulizer:
Dry powder inhalers:
· These are as the name suggests this inhaler sends the medicine into the lungs in the form dry powder.
· Dose capacity of DPI is usually a few mg and hence they use bulk giving agents like lactose,
· DPIs are good for young adults and adults as they take a considerable effort for the intake of required dose of medicine. If a person is not able to inhale deeply then the adequate amount of powder might not reach to the lungs.
· spacers which help in better supply of medicine into the patient cannot be used in the case of DPI.
· DPI needs to be maintained in dry conditions at 25 °C and any exposure to moisture leads to clumping and inefficient drug delivery.
· DPIs are small devices which are portable.
Q2. For a long time small molecules have been used as drugs but with the advent of new genetic engineering technology science has advanced into the macromolecules for drugs of which the most famous ones are monoclonal antibodies.
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