I have a exam comming up and i am struglging can you please answer these questio

Question

I have a exam comming up and i am struglging can you please answer these question in as much details as possible please do not leave small answers, if you going to just write a few sentences and ignore questions pelase do not waste my question as i will just give it a negative review.

SECTION C Long Answer Questions Answer ONE question from the following two in a separate answer book Recommended time for this section. approximately 30 minutes 37. Answer BOTH parts of this question (use diagrams if necessary) A. DESCRIBE and DEFINE how the (i) effective, (ii) toxic and (iii) lethal doses for a compound can be determined. (15 marks) B. Why is calculation of LD50 not very useful for the determination of (5 marks) compound toxicity?

Explanation / Answer

LD50 is a measure of the lethal dose for a substance. The compound in question for lethality may be a toxin. Sometimes the radiation and microorganisms also leads to lethality. LD50 is a median lethal dose. LD50 is measures the lethality to kill 50% of population. LD50 measures the lethality of animals in testing. lowest dose is effective, median is toxic and high dose is lethal. Highest dose leads to causalities, and death of organism. Lowest dose gives the observed effects. Median dose gives the individual effects, the fundamental toxicity for a compound. Thus there will be a direct relationship between the individual dose and the observed effect. Median dose gives the threshold range for a drug. LD50 is measures the acute toxicity to kill 50% of population, a threshold range for a drug. Effective dose is either beneficial or harmful. Toxic doses indicate the toxicity or adverse effect on an individual. ED50 .......indicate effective for 50% of population. TD50........ Indicates the toxicity for 50% of population. Compound toxicity refers to toxicity for a wide range of substances at a time and which do not provide acute toxicity. Because the effectivity, toxicity, and lethality depends on the dosage. A compound is a combination of many substances. Within a compound, the substances act on different dosages, some of them have high lethality and some other have no toxicity.

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