First, identify each element of your PICO on the line below, then take a look at

Question

First, identify each element of your PICO on the line below, then take a look at the templates below to help you formulate a PICO(T) question.

What is PICO(T)? Please explain this to me and I want to know how it works or how it is used and in what situation?

P: Population/disease ( i.e. age, gender, ethnicity, with a certain disorder)

P: ____________________________________________________________________

I: Intervention or Variable of Interest (exposure to a disease, risk behavior, prognostic factor) Note: Not every question will have an intervention (as in a meaning question – see below).

I: ____________________________________________________________________

C: Comparison: (could be a placebo or "business as usual" as in no disease, absence of risk factor). Note: This is not used in a meaning question – see below.

C: ____________________________________________________________________

O: Outcome: (risk of disease, accuracy of a diagnosis, rate of occurrence of adverse outcome)

O: ____________________________________________________________________

T: Time: The time it takes to demonstrate an outcome (e.g. the time it takes for the intervention to achieve an outcome or how long participants are observed). This is an optional “add-on” for a PICO question.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

For PICO questions about a nursing intervention/therapy:

In _______(P), what is the effect of _______(I) on ______(O) compared with _______(C) within ________ (T)?

For PICO etiology questions:

Are ____ (P) who have _______ (I) at ___ (increased/decreased) risk for/of_______ (O) compared with ______ (P) with/without ______ (C) over _____ (T)?

For PICO questions involving prevention:

For ________ (P) does the use of ______ (I) reduce the future risk of ________ (O) compared with _________ (C)?

For PICO questions that predict:

Does __________ (I) influence ________ (O) in patients who have _______ (P) over ______ (T)?

For PICO questions that want to know more about the meaning of…..

How do ________ (P) diagnosed with _______ (I) perceive ______ (O) during _____ (T)?

Explanation / Answer

I am answering the very first question. Please post rest of the parts separately, with different situations in which PICO has to be addressed.

PICO is a mnemonic used to describe the elements of a clinical question. Please note that a good clinical question contains four parts:

If a clinical question is asked and is based on the above four points; then all the parts of the problem will be addressed. PICO is also called as PICOT. The 'T' stands for time. A good clinical question should always answer questions related to time, for e.g. 'how much time will it take for treatment'? 'For how many days this medicine should be given?' etc.

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