2. Write down the horizontal dimensions on these (3) tapes. 3. Describe the tran
ID: 1712515 • Letter: 2
Question
2. Write down the horizontal dimensions on these (3) tapes. 3. Describe the transportation of an instrument on a tripod from one point to the other. 4. Name 5 labs that took place this semester in the order of occurrence. 5. List the basic equipment utilized in Linear measurements. 6. List 5 parts on the theodolite. 7. Write down the procedures for Profile Leveling and what are you trying to accomplish. (sketch) 8. Explain Differential Leveling. 9. List 5 major parts of the Transit. 10.What is the PlumbBob use for? 11.What is the Range Pole use for? 12.Why is the target put on the Level Rod? 13.Read the Level Rod with the Target on; see the attachment. 14.Give me the Procedures for Pacing. (Illustrate-sketch) 15.Give me the Procedure for Reciprocal Leveling. (illustrate-sketch)Explanation / Answer
2. The tapes have different lengths like 33 ft,66 ft snd 100 ft.
3. There are several instruments that can be placed and adjusted on a tripod like theodolite,levels,total station etc.One should read the survey manual which describes the procedure for handling the instruments.Usually,the instrument stations are selected in such a manner that it is not difficult to place and transport the instrument from one point to another.The surveying experiments are done in teams of 4 or 5 members.The team leader takes the responsibility of shifting the instrument from one station to another.without disturbing the instrument settings and adjustments.However,minor adjustments are done after shifting to the next point.
5.Linear measurements i.e measuring horizontal and vertical distances are done with the help of a chain or a tape.
6.The theodolite basically consists of :
a. Telescope
b.Eyepiece
c.Upper plate
d. Lower plate
e.Vernier A/B
7. Profile levelling involves measuring elevations of a series of points at certain intervals along a proposed road,or a river etc.It is advanced differential levelling.It consists of measuring backsights,foresights,elevation of turning points.As usual,the first step is to add the backsight reading to Bench mark to get the height of instrument.Fore sight is subtracted from line of sight to find elevation of an unknown point.Along the line,intermediate foresights are taken at points until there is a necessity to move the level.The above procedure is repeated until the whole line is covered.
8.Differential levelling means difference in reduced levels between two or more points with respect to a point of known elevation.The first reading which is a backsight is added to Bench mark to get the height of instrument.The fore sight is subtracted from the line of sight to get elevation of an unknown point.The procedure is repeated for finding elevations of successive points.
9. The five major parts of the transit are :
a. Telescope
b.Horizontal vernier
c. Vertical vernier
d. Vertical circle
e.Eye piece
10.Plumb bob is used for centering the instrument above a point on the ground and levelling the tripod by adjusting the legs until the spirit bubble is in the middle.
11.A ranging rod or a pole is used for ranging.It is a vertical rod which has a pointed edge which is stuck into ground in order to mark a station or a point .
12.The target is adjusted by the person holding the rod as per the instructions given by the person holding the instrument.Target is set to match with the cross hairs of the instrument .Then ,the person holding the rod records the value of level.
15.Reciprocal levelling is adopted to find difference in reduced levels between two points when it is not easy to maintain low value back sights and foresights.It is used in the case of an obstacle like a river between two banks.
Procedure:
(i) The staff is held on a bank at a point A.The levelling instrument is set up at B and the staff readings are taken.
(ii) Similarly,the staff is held on other bank at point B and the levelling instrument is set up at A and the staff readings are taken.
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