In this paper the authors demonstrated that susceptible E. coli clinical isolate

Question

In this paper the authors demonstrated that susceptible E. coli clinical isolates grew 3 times faster in urine compared to l) laboratory strains grown in urine, 2) clinical isolates grown in complex media, and 3) laboratory isolates grown in complex media. Why would the rapid growth of susceptible clinical isolates in urine lead to the increased ability to colonize the bladder successfully? (Hint: Think about the result of drinking coffee or beer?)

Amdinocillin (Mecillinam) Resistance Mutations in Clinical Isolates and Laboratory-Selected Mutants of Escherichia coli Elisabeth Thulin,a Martin Sundqvist,b Dan I. Anderssona Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala. Sweden :Laboratory Medicine,Cinical Microbiology, Orebro University Hospital Orebro, Sweden Amdinocillin (mecilinam) is a B-lactam antibiotic that is used mainly for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infec tions. The objectives of this study were to identify mutations that confer amdinocillin resistance on laboratory-isolated mutants and clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and to determine why amdinocillin resistance remains rare clinically even though resis- tance is easily selected in the laboratory. Under laboratory selection, frequencies ofmutation to amdinocillin resistance varied from 8 x 10 to 2 x 10 5 per cell, depending on the concentration ofamdinocillin used during selection. Several genes have been demonstrated to give amdinocillinresistance, but here eightnovel genes previously unknown to be involved in amdinocil- lin resistance were identified. These genes encodefunctions involved in the respiratory chain, the ribosome, cysteine biosynthe- sis, tRNA synthesis, and pyrophosphate metabolism. The clinical isolates exhibited significantly greater fitness than the labora- tory-isolated mutants and a different mutation spectrum. The cysB gene was mutated (inactivated) in all of the clinical isolates, in contrast to the laboratory isolated mutants, where mainly other types of more costly mutations were found. Our results sug- gest that the frequency of mutation to amdinocillin resistance is high because of the larg mutational target (at least 38 genes e However, the majority of these resistant mutants have a low growth rate, reducing the probability that they are stablymain- tained in the bladder. Inactivation ofthe cysB gene and a resulting loss of cysteine biosynthesis are the major mechanism of am- dinocillin resistance in clinical isolates of E coli.

Explanation / Answer

Caffeine and Alcohol are two important diet which should avoided for the urinary system related problems like UTI or baldder problems. In low amounts it doesnt affect the body, but in high dosage intake cause health distrubances because :-

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