6. Your friend decides to get tested for HIV. What advice would you give to him
ID: 198998 • Letter: 6
Question
6. Your friend decides to get tested for HIV. What advice would you give to him regarding options for HIV testing? At what point in time after exposure should these tests be administered to people? Address what the test is detecting and at what time after exposure should this be administered 7. Does having an STD increase a person's risk for HIV? Explain. 8. Even though genetically engineered mosquitoes might be developed that do not allow the reproduction of malaria protozoa, these mosquitoes would have little, if any immediate effect on the spread of the disease. Why should this be so? What would have to happen for these mosquitoes to significantly affect the spread of malaria? 9. How is hepatitis A different from hepatitis B? Would a vaccine against A protect against B? 10. Former President Ronald Reagan once commented at a press conference that the best way to combat the spread of AIDS in the United States was to prohibit everyone from having sexual contact for 5 years. If it were possible to carry it out, what would be the success of such a program? (Assume it is possible to carry out) 11. What kinds of sex partners present a high risk of transmitting HIV?Explanation / Answer
Answer 6
HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) testing is adviced to the person i.e being used to determine whether the person is infected with the virus.
HIV testing can be performed in three ways:
a) Antibody testing : When the person gets infected with HIV, bodies immune system forms the antibodies (immunoglobulins) against the protein antigens present on the surface of HIV virus. Unfortunately, these antibodies do not eliminate the virus but presence of antibodies can be used as a marker for the detection of HIV.
Antibody testing is performed with the help of immunological technique enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the blood sample taken from the patient. If test give positive result, means able to detect the antibodies, it denotes that person may get infected with the virus.
b) RNA test : This test is used to detect the circulating HIV viruses (viral load) in the person's blood sample . HIV RNA is different from the all human's RNA. This test is performed with the help of molecular technique PCR (polymerase chain reaction).
c) HIV antibody-antigen (Ab-Ag) test : This test detects the presence of antibodies against virus antigen as well as presence of core protein of the virus p24, because antibody formation take weeks but HIV might be present in the person's blood sample so test also detect the presence of HIV antigen p24.Helps in early detection.
Time point at which HIV testing must be performed :
Window period is the time between the exposure to HIV and till the HIV testing give accurate positive result. HIV antibody response can be detected within 2 weeks in few peoples after exposure, In most of the peoples approx (99.9% ) it can be detected by 12 weeks.
HIV testing detects HIV viral load in person's blood sample.
Answer 7
Yes, person having STD increases the chance of also being infected with HIV. It increases the chance by two ways:
Answer 9
Difference between HAV and HBV
No, vaccine against HAV would not protect against HBV, Vaccine against HAV is inactivated or killed whereas vaccine against HBV is subunit vaccine.
Answer 8
It's not difficult to activate the genes of the mosquito's that provides immunity from malarial parasite. One study suggest that it may soon be possible to eradicate the malaria from world, By releasing genetically modified mosquitoes that transmit immunity to the other breeding population of mosquito.
Answer 11
Risk to female having a sex with HIV positive male.
Risk to Male having sex with HIV positive female.
Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis B virus 1) Caused by Hepatitis A virus 1) Caused by Hepatitis B virus 2) Found in feces of contaminated person 2) Found in bloodstream, semen and vaginal secretions of infected person 3) Causes acute liver inflammation (Short lived) 3) Causes acute as well as chronic 4) Vaccination may prevent from HAV from invading the body 4) Vaccination may avert the occurence of infection 5) Incubation period 15 to 50 days 5)Incubation period 60 to 150 daysRelated Questions
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