A person in flint Michigan has severe DNA damage due to heavy metal contaminated
ID: 213747 • Letter: A
Question
A person in flint Michigan has severe DNA damage due to heavy metal contaminated water and the person is still alive. The doctors are now seeing tumors develop. What is a tumor suppressor?Give two reasons that might explain why this person is getting tumors. Refer to the functions of tumor suppressors and what some of them do. A person in flint Michigan has severe DNA damage due to heavy metal contaminated water and the person is still alive. The doctors are now seeing tumors develop. What is a tumor suppressor?Give two reasons that might explain why this person is getting tumors. Refer to the functions of tumor suppressors and what some of them do.Explanation / Answer
Ans:- tumor suppressors are the proteins which are encoded by the tumer suppressor genes which inhibit proliferation, promote cell death, or DNA repair . Inactivation of tumor supressor genes may lead to the cancer some of the examples of tumor suppressors are P53, Rb, BRCA1 and 2, APC and DCC, PTE and PPA2 , LKB1 , P16 , WT1 and WTX.
Reasons for tumor formation are as:-
1. Inactivation of P53 protein (tumor suppressor):- P53 is a transcription factor that regulates the cell cycle and cell apotosis It block the cells that have damaged DNA by triggering the production of another protein P21, which blocks cell division until the damage is repaired. but in case of mutation to a gene encoding the protein P53 their will be no check on the DNA damage and hence cell cycle will carryon continuesly with the formation of tumors.
2. Inactivation of Rb protein (tumor supressor):- Rb protein prevents the cell from entering S phase of cell cycle, it when properly working is attached to E2F ( transcrption factor needed formation of proteins required for entering into S phase) but once there occurs phosphorylation on Rb the E2F is released and cell enters the S-Phase of cell cycle but if in case there is a mutation in the gene encoding Rb protein the E2F will be constantly formed and cell proliferation will occurs and tumors develop.
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