Answers must be Legible , A Every morning Joe Schmoe stops by his favorite fast

Question

Answers must be Legible , A Every morning Joe Schmoe stops by his favorite fast food res- taurant on his way to work and orders his usual breakfast burrito (loaded) and a medium cup of decaf coffee. When he is done with his meal, he uses the restroom before he continues his drive in to work, which normally lasts an hour. On this one particular day, the restaurant was particularly busy and the attendants were inattentive. He was happy to get his order and when he was done with his meal stopped by the restroom and then continued his drive to work. Forty (40) minutes into his drive he noticed that his heart was racing/pounding, his mind was racing and felt an urgency to use the restroom again. Although he normally uses his inhaler in the morning, this day he didn't feel a need for it. 1. What went wrong this time? Ipt 2. Explain/illustrate what is going on in his heart (cardiac muscles). Include discussions on signal trans- duction, 2nd messengers, etc. Spts 3. Explain/illustrate what is happening that he does not require his inhaler this day. Include discussions on signal transduction, 2nd messengers, etc. 5pts

Explanation / Answer

1) Attendant served him coffee with caffeine instead of his everyday decaf coffee.

2) Coffee stimulates the adrenal glands, which means that every time you drink coffee, you’re activating the body’s fight-or-flight response. When adrenaline floods our bodies, our muscles contract and our heart rate quickens.

Adrenaline or noradrenaline are receptor ligands to either ?1, ?2 or ?-adrenergic receptors. ? receptors couple to Gs, and increases intracellular cAMP (secondary messenger) activity, resulting in e.g. heart muscle contraction, smooth muscle relaxation and glycogenolysis.

3) Asthma inhalers can contain different types of medications, all of which have an effect on the small airways in the lungs. The typical "rescue inhaler" that asthmatics are often prescribed for quick and short-term relief of symptoms like shortness of breath and wheezing contains a medication called albuterol. Albuterol binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on the surface of smooth muscle cells lining the small airways in the lungs; when this binding process occurs, the muscles relax and the airways become less constricted.

Due to caffeine, adrenaline releases and activates beta andregencis mechanism which relaxes smooth muscles (explained above in point 2) so, drug/inhaler was not required.

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