Cellular 1. A cell nucleus has which of the following? 1. Proteins II. DNA II RN

Question

Cellular 1. A cell nucleus has which of the following? 1. Proteins II. DNA II RNA A) I B) II C) I and Il only D) II and IlIl only E) I, II, and I 2 Which of the following organelles utilizes signal peptides to target newly synthesized proteins? A) Lysosome B) Cytosol C) Chloroplast D) Endoplasmic Reticulum E) Golgi apparatus 3. Approximately what percentage of the human genome codes for proteins? A)2% B) 25% C)50% D) 99% E) 100% Which of the following explains why enzymes facilitate chemical reactions? A) They raise the temperature of the reaction and make products appear quickly B) They change the Kog of the reaction and make products appear quickly C) They donate energy to the reaction D) They raise the activation energy E) They lower the activation energy 5. Submerging red blood cells in distilled water will result in A)lysis of the cells. B) plasmolysis of the cell. C) the celil becoming turgid. D) the cell becoming flacid. E) no change 6. Which of the following pieces of equipment is best suited to examine the internal structure of cells at a level of resolution that reveals the smallest organelles? A) Compound light microscope B) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) C) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) D) Centrifuge E) Phase-contrast microscope

Explanation / Answer

1.A cell has which of the following? Proteins, DNA and RNA (option E)

DNA is present in nucleus. Transcription occurs in nucleus. Therefore, RNA is also present. Replication, transcription and stability of nucleic acids need a lot of proteins such as histones, polymerase, transcription factors etc. So, nucleus contains all the three components.

2. Endoplasmic Reticulum utilizes signal peptides to target newly synthesized proteins (option D)

Protein translocation occurs from ER through golgi and lysosomes. This is known as protein trafficking.

3. approximately 2 % (less than 2 %) of the human genome codes for proteins. (option A)

4. enzymes facilitate the reactions by lowering the activation energy, so that products are formed at a higher rate in the presence of enzymes (option E)

5. when red blood bells are submerged in distilled water, it experiences a different environment. Blood is hyperosmotic compared to water i.e, blood contains many other solvents (cells, proteins and other molecules) whereas, water does not contain anything. Water moves inside RBC making them turgid (option C)

6. transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to visualize the internal structure of cells (option B)

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