Compare and Contrast Innate, Antibody-mediated, and Cell mediated Immunity Mecha

Question

Compare and Contrast Innate, Antibody-mediated, and Cell mediated Immunity Mechanisms: Cell-mediated Immunity Characteristics Innate Immunity Antibody-mediated mmunity Primary Cells Origin of Cells Site of Maturation Location of Mature Cells Primary Secretory Products tells prouue Tll reuptos anhibodres, ar bis bind to the Tealls band to anhgenlls bns to Primary Actions nediales immulae delael Hypersensitivity Reactions (Types, if present) uty hypuiviensiutu 104 Specific Defense Mechanism Chapter 13

Explanation / Answer

Innate immunity serves as anatomical barriers that block out some types of allergens. It further serves in combatting type I HR.

In plants, innate immunity acts by producing a hypersensitive response in the infected area (that cannot be cured) which leads to rapid programmed cell death, killing off the infected part.

Antibody-mediated Immunity is very important in hypersensitivity reactions. In the fast response type I HR, IgE is released to bind to mast cells and basophils. In type II HR, antibodies IgM or IgG bind to antigens on the target cell and cause cellular destruction. In type III HR, IgG binds to soluble antigens and deposits on the vessel walls of kidney and joints.

Furthermore, antibody-mediated immunity is also responsible for autoimmune diseases.

CHARACTERISTICS Innate Immunity Antibody-Mediated Immunity Cell-Mediated Immunity Primary Cells Innate White Blood Cells (WBCs) or leukocytes, (such as eosinophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, etc) identify and kill infectious pathogens. Differentiated B cells and plasma cells CD4 cells and Helper T cells Origin of Cells All types of WBCs originate in the hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Antibodies are produced by plasma cells which are derived from the B cells. B cells are a type of WBC which originate in the hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. T cells first originate in the thymus. Site of Maturation Bone Marrow B cells mature in the bone marrow. Maturation of T cells to naive Th cells takes place in the secondary lymphoid organs. On interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and other such molecules, the naive T cells are activated into Th cells. This takes place in the lymph nodes. Location of Mature Cells Mature WBCs can be found everywhere in the body, including the lymphatic system and blood. Antibody-mediated immunity is not localized in a particular place and can occur anywhere in the body. Lymph nodes Primary Secretory Products Innate Immunity leads to the production of chemical factors like cytokines, which are cell signalling molecules. These help in the activation of the the complement system and the adaptive immune system. Antibodies aka immunoglobulins Cell-Mediated Immunity leads to the activation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells, macrophages and natural killer cells, and cytokines. Primary Actions The primary actionof innate immunity is to act as a barrier (physical in the form of anatomical barriers, and chemical as WBCs) against infections; along with this it initiates the complement system required to identify the infectious agent and activates the adaptive immune system by antigen presentation. Antibodies identify and neutralize pathogens by binding to their specific antigen. This caused the antibody-antigen product to be agglutinated and precipitated, and hence  phagocytosis by macrophages. Cytotoxic T cells induce apoptosis; phagocytes destroy pathogens; secreted cytokines help in adaptive and innate immune responses. Hypersensitivity Reactions (HR)

Innate immunity serves as anatomical barriers that block out some types of allergens. It further serves in combatting type I HR.

In plants, innate immunity acts by producing a hypersensitive response in the infected area (that cannot be cured) which leads to rapid programmed cell death, killing off the infected part.

Antibody-mediated Immunity is very important in hypersensitivity reactions. In the fast response type I HR, IgE is released to bind to mast cells and basophils. In type II HR, antibodies IgM or IgG bind to antigens on the target cell and cause cellular destruction. In type III HR, IgG binds to soluble antigens and deposits on the vessel walls of kidney and joints.

Furthermore, antibody-mediated immunity is also responsible for autoimmune diseases.

Th cells combat with Type IV HR. APCs activate helper T cells which deal with the pathogen/ infection. Memory Th1 cells cause an inflammatory response by activating macrophages in case of future encounters.

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