Eukaryotic cells are generally more highly compartmentalized than prokaryotic ce

Question

Eukaryotic cells are generally more highly compartmentalized than prokaryotic cells. In addition to the nucleus, eukaryotes contain a number of subcellular membrane-enclosed organelles in the cytoplasm including, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi, endosomes, hydrogenosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes and, in photosynthetic organisms, chloroplasts. Additionally, eukaryotic cells also contain transport vesicles that move cargo among particular organelles and secretory vesicles that deliver cargo to the cytoplasmic membrane.

For each of the proteins below, list all of the subcellular organelles (indicated in bold type above) involved in its expression and targeting. For example, for the expression of a cytoplasmic protein, the mRNA for the gene encoding it is transcribed in the nucleus and transported to the cytoplasm where the protein is translated and released, so an appropriate answer would be: nucleus and cytoplasm.

In which compartments do the following processes occur?

oxidative phosphorylation

hydrolysis of macromolecules (such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates) that are taken up from the extracellular space by endocytosis or phagocytosis

photosynthesis

transcription

glycosylation of proteins

sorting of proteins to appropriate organelles such as lysosomes

Explanation / Answer

In which compartments do the following processes occur?

oxidative phosphorylation mitochondria

hydrolysis of macromolecules (such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates) that are taken up from the extracellular space by endocytosis or phagocytosis LYSOSOMES

photosynthesis CHLOROPLAST

transcription CYTOPLASM

glycosylation of proteins GOLGI APPARATUS

sorting of proteins to appropriate organelles such as lysosomes GOLGI

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