What is the lapse-rate feedback? Upper level temperature increases due to increa

Question

What is the lapse-rate feedback?

Upper level temperature increases due to increased CO2 (atmospheric lapse rate increases); warmer upper level of the atmosphere radiates more intensely; upper level temperature decreases (atmospheric lapse rate decreases)

Upper level temperature decreases due to increased CO2 (atmospheric lapse rate increases); warmer upper level of the atmosphere radiates more intensely; upper level temperature increases (atmospheric lapse rate decreases)

Upper level temperature decreases due to increased CO2 (atmospheric lapse rate decreases); warmer upper level of the atmosphere radiates more intensely; upper level temperature increases (atmospheric lapse rate increases)

Upper level temperature increases due to increased CO2 (atmospheric lapse rate decreases); warmer upper level of the atmosphere radiates more intensely; upper level temperature decreases (atmospheric lapse rate increases)

Which of the following is not a viable reason for water vapor not having a global warming potential?

Water exists in all three phases in the atmosphere

Direct human emissions are extremely small

Water vapor levels are directly related to the ambient temperature

Water vapor has a very weak greenhouse effect

Water vapor is short-lived in the atmopshere

Large volcanic eruptions are commonly used to verify climate models because of their impacts on the atmosphere; these eruptions tend to ________ the stratosphere and ____________ the troposphere. (choose the most appropriate word pair)

Warm, cool

Cool, warm

Cool, warm

None of the above

Warm, warm

Which of the following is not an indicator of climate change?

stratospheric cooling

global precipitation decrease

increasing ocean heat content and rising sea level

thawing permafrost

rapid glacier and sea ice melting

Explanation / Answer

Upper level temperature increases due to increased CO2 (atmospheric lapse rate decreases); warmer upper level of the atmosphere radiates more intensely; upper level temperature decreases(atmospheric lapse rate increases)

2. Water vapour is the most abundant green house gas, it creates a positive feedback loop in the atmosphere, thus amplifying the warming done by CO2. It is short lived in the atmosphere, related to ambient temperature of a given locality. All other reasons are true, but can be justified if the combined effect of water vapour and CO2 is seen in terms of global warming. So it is difficult to say which of the following reasons are not viable. I think the first option is the closest, as in atmosphere, water is mostly present as a single phase.

3. Large volcanic eruptions tend to warm the stratosphere (destroys the ozone, so more solar radiation comes) and cool the troposphere (large eruption columns inject ash particles, sulfur-rich gases, acidic aerosols into the troposphere, which block the incoming solar radiation)

4. As of my knowledge in climate change, all the events listed here indicates climate change.

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