Cheng and Lam (2007) noted that some people think of themselves independently of

Question

Cheng and Lam (2007) noted that some people think of themselves independently of others (independent self-construal), whereas others think of themselves as being part of a larger group (interdependent self-construal). Also, people tend to evaluate themselves as being more positive when they compare themselves to others perceived to be below them (downward comparison), and they evaluate themselves as being less positive when they compare themselves to others perceived to be above them (upward comparison). To test whether there is a relationship between these two factors, the researchers computed a two-way between-subjects ANOVA. Participants rated their self-perception on a scale from 1 (negative) to 7 (positive). The following table describes the cell means at cach level of the two factors. Comparison Standard Self-Construal Independent Interdependent 4.17 4.62 4.61 4.44 Upward Downward (a) Graph the cell means. Ratings Ratings 4.81 Upward 4.4 4.25 Downward Upward Independent Interdependent Independent Interdependent Ratings Ratings SO Upward Downward | Upward Independent Interdependent Independent Interdependent (b) Is a possible interaction evident? Explain. Yes, an interaction is possible because the lines are not parallel. No, an interaction is not possible because the lines are parallel.

Explanation / Answer

Independence between 2 factors can be depicted through parallelism where lack of parallelism implies the factors are NOT independent and hence interact with each other.

(In other words, the yield due to one factor is different at different levels of the other factor)

In this case, graph 2 clearly shows that the lines are not parallel and they intersect, hence there is interaction.

So we choose option 1.

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