I was hoping to get information on pollution for enviromental science for this e

Question

I was hoping to get information on pollution for enviromental science for this essay.

Here is where you will submit your final project that you were introduced to in week 6, please review the instructions below and submit the project when you are finished by the due date.

Your final project should be creative and interesting, and should be a minimum of 6 pages in length not to exceed 8 pages and you will use APA style formatting. It should be well-organized and demonstrate an orderly flow of information that clearly addresses the subject chosen.

You should incorporate the following elements in the project:

Problem identification: Clearly indicate the issue you will discuss and the influence this problem has on land, air, water resources, plant life, animal life, and human societies. Discuss the long-term effects this problem will continue to create without a comprehensive solution. The problem can be of local, national, or global scope.

Solutions currently implemented: Discuss how the issue has been addressed historically. Determine the courses of action taken in science, technology, political and economic systems, laws and regulations, community-based initiatives, education, and so forth. Review the successes and limitations of these actions.

Recommendations: Explain the actions that you believe need to be developed and implemented to accomplish change. Discuss your solution from multiple perspectives, such as educational, legislative, scientific, technological, economic, and other points of view.

In addition you should cite at least three other credible sources. Put these on your last page as works cited. You are cautioned to check out internet sources. The web abounds with junk science that is totally unreliable. Be sure to cross check your sources.

Explanation / Answer

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical, biological and information sciences including ecology, biology, physics, chemistry, zoology, mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil science, geology, atmospheric science, and geodesy to the study of the environment and suggest solutions to the environmental problems.

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change in the environment  Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light.Pollution makes land, water, air or other parts of the environment dirty and unsafe or unsuitable to use. Things as simple as light, sound and temperature can be considered pollutants when introduced artificially into an environment. Toxic pollution affects more than 200 million people worldwide, according to surveys of environmental organizations. In some of the world’s worst polluted places, babies are born with birth defects, children have lost 30 to 40 IQ points, and life expectancy may be as low as 45 years because of cancers and other diseases.

Types of pollutions are,

1 -> Land pollution:

Land can become polluted by household garbage and by industrial waste consisting of product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint and batteries. That's about 4.3 pounds (1.95 kg) of waste per person per day, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). A little over half of the waste 54 percent is gathered in landfill. Only about 34 percent is recycled. Hazardous waste is any liquid, solid or sludge waste that contain properties that are dangerous of potentially harmful to human health or the environment. Industries generate hazardous waste from mining, petroleum refining, pesticide manufacturing and other chemical production. Households generate hazardous waste as well, including paints and solvents, motor oil, fluorescent lights, aerosol cans, and ammunition.

2 -> Water pollution:

Water pollution happens when chemicals or dangerous foreign substances are introduced to water, including chemicals, sewage, pesticides and fertilizers from agricultural runoff, or metals like lead or mercury. According to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 80 percent of the pollution in marine environments comes from the land through sources such as runoff. Water pollution can severely affect marine life. For example, sewage causes pathogens to grow, while organic and inorganic compounds in water can change the composition of the precious resource. The low levels of dissolved oxygen in the water are also considered a pollutant. Warming water can also be harmful. The artificial warming of water is called thermal pollution. It can happen when a factory or power plant that is using water to cool its operations ends up discharging hot water. This makes the water hold less oxygen, which can kill fish and wildlife. Nutrient pollution, also called eutrophication, is another type of water pollution. It is when nutrients, such as nitrogen, are added into bodies of water. The nutrient works like fertilizer and makes algae grow at excessive rates. The algae blocks light from other plants. The plants die and their decomposition leads to less oxygen in the water.

3 -> Air pollution:

The air we breathe has a very exact chemical composition; 99 percent of it is made up of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Air pollution occurs when things that aren’t normally there are added to the air. A common type of air pollution happens when people release particles into the air from burning fuels, cause release dangerous gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and chemical vapors. Air pollution can take the form of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide, which are warming the planet through the greenhouse effect.

4 -> Noise pollution:

Humans can’t see or smell noise pollution, it still affects the environment. Noise pollution happens when the sound coming from planes, industry or other sources reaches harmful levels. Research has shown direct links between noise and health, including stress-related illnesses, high blood pressure, speech interference and hearing loss. Under water noise pollution coming from ships has been shown to upset whales navigation systems and kill other species that depend on the natural underwater world. Noise also makes wild species communicate louder, which can shorten their lifespan.

5 -> Light pollution:

Some consequences of light pollution are

Plant's flowering and developmental patterns can be entirely disrupted by artificial light.

Light pollution could also be making smog worse by destroying nitrate radicals that helps the dispersion of smog.

Scientists have determined that long artificial days can affect migration schedules, as they allow for longer feeding times.

Streetlights can confuse newly hatched sea turtles that rely on starlight reflecting off the waves to guide them from the beach to the ocean. They often head in the wrong direction.

Problem Identification:

Pollution started from prehistoric times when man created the first fires. Core samples of glaciers in Greenland indicate increases in pollution associated with Greek, Roman and Chinese metal production but at that time the pollution was comparatively small and could be handled by nature. Now a days we can find affects of the pollution in every aspect. We have to find each thing to identify the problem which is causing more pollution and we have to solve it.

Solutions currently implemented:

Pollution control is a term used in environmental management. It means the control of emissions and effluents into air, water or soil. Ideally, we'd look at every aspect of pollution in turn and try to find a way of either stopping it or reducing it. We don't just need to stop polluting we also need to clean up the many contaminated sites that already exist. There is no easy way to solve pollution; if there were, it wouldn't be so much of a problem. Broadly speaking, there are three different things that can help to tackle the problem education, laws, and economics and they are now going to impliment more now a days.They are

Education:

Making people aware of the problem is the first step to solving it. Greater public awareness can make a positive difference.

Laws:

Environmental laws can make it tougher for people to pollute. Most countries also have their own water pollution laws.

Economics:

Most environmental experts agree that the best way to tackle pollution is through something called the polluter pays principle. This means that whoever causes pollution should have to pay to clean it up, one way or another. Polluter pays can operate in all kinds of ways. It could mean that tanker owners should have to take out insurance that covers the cost of oil spill cleanups. Ultimately, the polluter pays principle is designed to deter people from polluting by making it less expensive for them to behave in an environmentally responsible way.

Recommendations:

Every year there are so many conferences and summits are going on to controll the pollution on country wide and global wide.They are recomending many many solutions to pollution controll, which are as follws

Laboratory safety procedure and hazardous material release emergency management.

Ensure that voluntary environmental initiatives.

Continue to ensure that federal and state enforcement activities are well co-ordinated and effectively raise the overall level of compliance with environmental regulations.

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