A 20 year old woman presents with malar rash, arthralgias, low grade fever, and
ID: 318761 • Letter: A
Question
A 20 year old woman presents with malar rash, arthralgias, low grade fever, and high titer antibodies to double stranded DNA and to the Sm (Smith) antigen. Which of the following forms of hypersensitivity is the primary mechanism of the abnormalities found in this disorder? a. Type I (immediate or anaphylactic) hypersensitivity b. Type II (antibody-mediated or cytotoxic) hypersensitivity c. Type III (immune complex-mediated disorders) hypersensitivity d. Type IV (cell-mediated) hypersensitivity An HIV-positive intravenous drug user is suspected of having active tuberculosis, and a tuberculin (Mantoux) intradermal skin test is performed. After 48 hours, 10 cm of induration is observed. Which of the following are involved in this form of hypersensitivity reaction? a. B cells and antibodies b. Basophils and IgE c. Immune complexes and complement d. Plasma cells and IgM e. T cells A client experiences an anaphylactic reaction after taking the first dose of a newly prescribed antibiotic. The client history reveals that the client had taken the antibiotic once before without a problem. The nurse's explanation to the client will be based on what knowledge of hypersensitivity response? a. A histamine precursor causes anaphylaxis and a life-threatening situation. b. antibodies destroy mast cells, releasing substances that cause hypotension and vascular collapse. c. Cell-mediated response, or delayed hypersensitivity, is caused by sensitized T lymphocytes and can lead to tissue injury. d. Massive numbers of red blood cells are because of an incompatibility with the medication that requires discontinuing the medication. A female client who has recently been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) asks the nurse how she developed this because no one in her family is a diabetic. The nurse's best response is, "DM is an autoimmune disease characterized by: a. Failure of the immune system to recognize self. b. Exacerbations and remissions. c. Accelerated production of killer T-cells. d. Immunosuppression and altered Cortisol levels.Explanation / Answer
A 20-year-old woman presents with malar rash, arthralgias, low-grade-fever, and high titer antibodies to double-standard DNA and to the Sm (Smith) antigen. Which of the following forms of hypersensitivity is the primary mechanism of the abnormalities found in this disorder?
a. Type I (immediate or anaphylactic) hypersensitivity
b. Type II (antibody-mediated or cytotoxic) hypersensitivity
c. Type III (immune complex-mediated disorders) hypersensitivity----answer
d. Type IV (cell-mediated) hypersensitivity
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An HIV-positive intravenous drug user is suspected of having active tuberculosis, and a tuberculin (Mantoux) intradermal skin test is performed. After 48 hours, 10 cm of induration is observed. Which of the following are involved in this form of hypersensitivity reaction.
a. B cells and antibodies
b. Basophils and IgE
c. Immune complexes and complement
d. Plasma cells and IgM
e. T cells ----------------------answer
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A client experiences an anaphylactic reaction after taking the first dose of a newly prescribed antibiotic. The client history reveals that the client had taken the antibiotic once before without a problem. The nurse's explanation to the client will be based on what knowledge of hypersensitivity response?
a. A histamine precursor causes anaphylaxis and a life-threatening situation.
b. IgE antibodies destroy mast cells, releasing substances that cause hypotension and vascular collapse.---------answer
c. Cell-mediated response, or delayed hypersensitivity, is caused by sensitized T lymphocytes and can lead to tissue injury.
d. Massive numbers of red blood cells arc lysed because of an incompatibility with the medication that requires discontinuing the medication.
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A female client who has recently been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) asks the nurse how she developed this because no one in her family is a diabetic. The nurse's best response is, "DM is an autoimmune disease characterized by:
a. Failure of the immune system to recognize self.----------------answer
b. Exacerbations and remissions.
c. Accelerated production of killer T-cells.
d. Immunosuppression and altered cortisol levels.
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type III hypersensitivity : it occurs happens when there is an abundance of antigen, prompting to little safe edifices being framed that settle supplement and are not cleared from the course. It includes solvent antigens that are not bound to cell surfaces (rather than those in sort II excessive touchiness). At the point when these antigens tie antibodies, insusceptible edifices of various sizes shape. Expansive edifices can be cleared by macrophages yet macrophages experience issues in the transfer of little insusceptible buildings. These safe buildings embed themselves into little veins, joints, and glomeruli, bringing about side effects. Not at all like the free variation, a little safe complex bound to locales of affidavit (like vein dividers) are much more equipped for cooperating with supplement; these medium-sized edifices, shaped in the slight abundance of antigen, are seen as being profoundly pathogenic.
Such testimonies in tissues regularly instigate an incendiary reaction, and can bring about harm wherever they accelerate. The reason for harm is subsequently of the activity of severed supplement anaphylotoxins C3a and C5a, which, separately, intervene the enlistment of granule discharge from pole cells (from which histamine can bring about urticaria), and enrollment of fiery cells into the tissue (mostly those with lysosomal activity, prompting to tissue harm through baffled phagocytosis by PMNs and macrophages
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The tuberculin test is an exemplary case of deferred touchiness, a type of cell-interceded excessive touchiness including CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Local CD4+ T cells are changed over to T cells that emit cytokines, particularly interferon-, which is a focal middle person of deferred extreme touchiness. Among the many activities of interferon, the most critical is the enactment of macrophages.
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Type 1 diabetes : it is an immune system sickness. An immune system ailment comes about when the body's framework for battling disease (the resistant framework) betrays a piece of the body. In diabetes, the insusceptible framework assaults the insulin-creating beta cells in the pancreas and devastates them.
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