Directions—read carefully! Complete the questions by inserting your answer on th

Question

Directions—read carefully!  Complete the questions by inserting your answer on the page (there is no need to retype the questions).  In order for me to discern your answers from my questions please type your answers using bluefont color. When completed send the document to me through the assignment link. Don’t forget to put your name at the top. Your answers should be in your own words written in complete sentences with correct grammar and text--not simply copied from the book.

Explain what child development is.

Describe why it is important to study child development.

List and explain the major theories of child development.

What is the Nature-Nurture Controversy?

Define continuity/discontinuity and discuss the continuity-discontinuity issue.

Define stability and change and discuss the stability-change issue.

What is the Active Passive Controversy?

Discuss Freud’s psychosexual theory and list the stages with examples.

Identify, and define the different research methods used in studies of child development.

Define and identify the eight developmental periods.

Describe the scientific method and its four-step process.

Discuss Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory and list the stages with examples.

Discuss Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory.

Discuss the information-processing theory.

Discuss Skinner’s operant conditioning.

Discuss Bandura’s social cognitive theory.

Discuss ethological theory.

Discuss ecological theory.

Explain the difference between a gene and a chromosome, and explain how a baby’s sex is determined.

Identify the difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins and describe how they are developed.

Discuss the causes and characteristics associated with chromosomal and genetic abnormalities.

Explain how Down’s syndrome occurs as well as its physical markers.

Describe how sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities occur.

Identify, compare, and contrast sex-linked genetic abnormalities (Hemophlia, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy).

Describe how studies of kinship, adopted children, and identical (monozygotic) versus fraternal (dizygotic) twins are used to explore the relative influences of nature (heredity) versus nurture (environment).

Define the following terms: ova, endometrium, sperm cells, and spontaneous abortion.

Discuss causes of infertility and methods couples can use to conceive.

Define, compare, and contrast the different stages of prenatal development (germinal, embryonic, and fetal).

Describe the role the amniotic sac, amniotic fluid, and placenta play in the development and delivery process.

Identify the different types of teratogens that can affect the developing fetus’ health as well as the developmental stage where harm can occur.

Describe the impact of drugs that are most likely to affect the healthy development of a fetus (aspirin, thalidomide, hormones, vitamins, heroin, methadone, marijuana, alcohol, cocaine, caffeine, and cigarettes).

Describe environmental effects on the fetus’ development such as prenatal exposure to lead and/or the parents’ age at conception.

Define and describe the germinal period of prenatal development.

Define and describe the embryonic period of prenatal development.

Define and describe the fetal period of prenatal development.

Describe the brain development that occurs during the prenatal period.

Define and describe the term teratogen and how teratogens affect the developing organism.

Discuss the effects of prescription and nonprescription drugs on the developing organism.

Discuss the methods of assessing the newborn.

Define the postpartum period.

Discuss the emotional and psychological adjustments a woman may experience during the postpartum period.

Explain how hormones help to begin the birthing process.

Compare a midwife delivery to a hospital delivery.

Describe the different types of anesthesia used during delivery.

Compare and contrast anesthesia delivery, natural childbirth, Lamaze method, and cesarean section delivery.

Describe the different assessment scales used with neonates.

List and explain the different types of reflexes.

Explain the classical conditioning process of neonates.

Describe the operant conditioning process of neonates.

Analyze the contributing factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Analyze the findings of The Children’s Hospital Boston Study.

Explanation / Answer

Child development refers to the process through which human beings typically grow and mature from infancy through adulthood. The different aspects of growth and development that are measured include physical growth, cognitive growth, and social growth. Child development focuses on the changes that take place in humans as they mature from birth to about age 17. During this process a child progresses from dependency on their parents/guardians to increasing independence. Child development is strongly influenced by genetic factors (genes passed on from their parents) and events during prenatal life. It is also influenced by environmental facts and the child’s learning capacity. Child development covers the full scope of skills that a child masters over their life span including development in: Cognition – the ability to learn and problem solve Social interaction and emotional regulation – interacting with others and mastering self-control Speech and Language – understanding and using language, reading and communicating Physical skills – fine motor (finger) skills and gross motor (whole body) skills Sensory awareness – the registration of sensory information for use Throughout history, there have been many theories on how we develop throughout childhood. Some of the most recognized include those developed by Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Lev Vygotsky. Sigmund Freud devised a psychosexual stage theory of development. He believed that children move through specific stages of development due to innate unconscious sexual drives. Freud's stage theory ends at adulthood. Erik Erikson also created a stage theory of development, but his is a bit different from Freud's. Erikson focused more on social relationships as a driving force in development and referred to the developmental tasks as psychosocial stages. Erikson's theory is one of the most comprehensive and covers human development from birth through old age. Lev Vygotsky's theory of development also focuses on social interactions as important in development. His theory views children in an apprentice role with parents mentoring them through developmental tasks. Observing and monitoring child development is an important tool to ensure that children meet their ‘developmental milestones’. Developmental milestones is a ‘loose’ list of developmental skills that believed to be mastered at roughly the same time for all children but that are far from exact, act as a useful guideline of ideal development. By studying how children develop, we can learn more about how a child develops, why they develop the way they do and then ways to help them to develop effectively. For example, by understanding more about how children learn to read, we can develop programmes that are more effective in helping children to read. We can also understand why some children have difficulties and how to help them overcome these difficulties.Studying children, we can also understand environmental factors that influence how a child grows physically, emotionally and mentally. For example, parental attitudes to education can have an influence on a child’s educational performance. Due to time limit,remaining questions can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou for your cooperation

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse D
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.