I need this article to be summarized in a summary form or in a note form please.
ID: 3480596 • Letter: I
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I need this article to be summarized in a summary form or in a note form please.
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may be one of the dietary causes of metabolic disorders, such as obesity. Therefore, substituting sugar with low-calorie sweeteners may be an efficacious weight management strategy. We tested the effect of preloads containing stevia, aspartame, or sucrose on food intake, satiety, and postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Design: 19 healthy lean (BMI-20.0 - 24.9) and 12 obese (BMI 30.0 - 39.9) individuals 18 to 50 years old completed three separate food test days during which they received preloads containing stevia (290 kcal), aspartame (290 kcal), or sucrose (493 kcal) before the lunch and dinner meal. The preload order was balanced, and food intake (kcal) was directly calculated. Hunger and satiety levels were reported before and after meals, and every hour throughout the afternoon. Participants provided blood samples immediately before and 20 minutes after the lunch preload. Despite the caloric difference in preloads (290 vs. 493 kcals), participants did not compensate by eating more at their lunch and dinner meals when they consumed stevia and aspartame versus sucrose in preloads (mean differences in food intake over entire day between sucrose and stevia-301 kcal, pExplanation / Answer
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Summary
It is known that consumption of sugar sweetened food and beverages can severely impact the glycemic index of a meal. Excessive use of high sugar food can disturb the glucose metabolism which can lead to weight gain and increased risk of developing diabetes and associated complication like cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This concern has led to increase in consumption of foods and beverages containing nonnutritive sweeteners over the year. However effect of these nonnutritive or artificial sweeteners, for eg. aspartame, on food intake and weight gain is still unclear. Most recently it was shown that nonnutritive sweeteners if substituted for high calorie sweetener, can help in weight management. However it is uncertain if they can be safely used for this purpose. Stevia is a natural sweetener derived from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and used in place of artificial sweeteners. Stevia is been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, and have blood glucose lowering effects in human, suggesting its role in food intake regulation. This reflects that stevia can be used for weight management given its safety profile and metabolic advantages. The current study explore this possibility, and tested whether preloads containing stevia, aspartame, and sucrose can impact the food intake, satiety, and postprandial glucose and insulin levels in both lean and obese individuals. The study participants were given preloads of stevia (290 kcal), aspartame (290 kcal), or sucrose (493 kcal) before the lunch and dinner meals, and food intake (kcal) and satiety levels were calculated. It was found that even after consuming the stevia or aspartame whose caloric value is much lower that sucrose, food intake at subsequent lunch and dinner meals remained unchanged in study participants. This means that participants taking stevia and aspartame have lower calorie intake not because of the change in food intake tendency, but due to the lower caloric values of these sweetener than sucrose. Moreover the satiety levels remain similar in all conditions. Also in agreement to others, the authors found that stevia preloads can lower the postprandial glucose and insulin levels compared to both aspartame and sucrose. Overall the study showed that replacing high caloric food like sucrose with low caloric food like stevia or aspartame may be an effective approach to manage energy intake, and therefore can benefit the individuals aiming for weight management.
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