THIS IS A (PROFESSIONAL) ETHICS QUESTION Here are the instructions, from a Discu
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THIS IS A (PROFESSIONAL) ETHICS QUESTION
Here are the instructions, from a Discussion Board Forum, for a required assignment. Complete the assignment in the Discussion Board.
This is a required assignment. It counts for 8 possible points. The assignment is very useful for your essay and your final exam, but it is not time-consuming. You will receive full credit for the assignment if you complete it on time and make a sincere effort to complete it correctly.
There are an innumerable number (an infinite number in fact) of deductively valid argument forms. Modus tollens is just of many valid forms. Here is the valid form, followed by two valid forms that are not Modus tollens and an example of an instance of each of the three valid forms.
If p then q. Not q. Therefore, not p. (= If p is true q is true. q is false. Therefore, p is false.)
If Bigfoot-type large mammals exist in the woods of Michigan, there is evidence that Bigfoot-type large mammals exist in the woods of Michigan.
It is false that there is evidence that Bigfoot-type large mammals exist in the woods of Michigan.
Therefore, it is false that Bigfoot-type large mammals exist in the woods of Michigan.
p or q. Not p. Therefore, q. Jones is French or Welsh. Jones is not French. Therefore, Jones is Welsh.
If p then q. p. Therefore q. If you are a Michigander, you are an American. You are a Michigander. Therefore, you are an American.
Your assignment is to write two examples of a Modus tollens arguments from your field (your profession, the profession you are aiming to enter, or a main interest of yours). The first example should be sound and the second unsound. Of course, both examples of Modus tollens will be valid, because Modus tollens is a valid logical form. Hence, the unsound example will have at least one false premise.
Please note:
The propositions meant to justify the conclusion are the premises. The conclusion is not a premise.
Premises and conclusions are not valid or invalid, sound or unsound. Premises and conclusions are true or false.
An argument as a whole is not called true or false. An argument is valid or invalid, sound or unsound.
A true proposition is one that corresponds to a fact, or describes things the way they or, or corresponds to reality.
A proposition does not have to known to be true, or proven true, in order to be true.
You only have to write the two examples. You don't have to explain them. YOU MAY MAKE UP THE EXAMPLES if you wish.
Explanation / Answer
If p then q. Not q. Therefore, not p. (= If p is true q is true. q is false. Therefore, p is false.)
If the gene is activated, then protein is translated. Protein has not been translated . Therefore, gene has not been activated.
p or q. Not p. Therefore, q. Jones is French or Welsh. Jones is not French. Therefore, Jones is Welsh.
Operon has promoter or inhibitor. Inhibitor is not activated. Therefore promoter is activated.
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