Chapter 18(2) - Word abir abirkedir_ File Home Insert Draw Design Layout Referen
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Chapter 18(2) - Word abir abirkedir_ File Home Insert Draw Design Layout References Mailings Review ViewTell me what you want to do d% Cut E Copy Share Find . ece Paste Blu, aixx,x' A.,,.. ---.-.2 | TNormal TNo Spac Heading 1 Heading 2 e Em... EmphasisSelect Title Subtitle Subtl Clipboard Font Paragraph Styles Editing Chapter 18 Study Guide Use Lab notes. Use Lecture power point slides. .Differentiate endocrine and exocrine glands. .Classes of hormones with examples. .Give examples of target tissues, target organs, and hormones that regulate them. What effect can a hormone have on a target cell? Where are the receptors for hormones located? Study examples from power point Describe the major mechanisms of hormonal action--2nd messenger activation. Give examples of hormones which act in this way How are endocrine secretions controlled? Be sure you understand the role of the hypothalamus, and its connection with the pituitany Describe the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and their functions. Describe the hormones secreted by the pituitary and their functions. . Know major hormones and functions for the thyroid (T3/T4, calcitonin) parathyroid (PTH), and pineal gland (melatonin). For other endocrine organs-focus on adrenals, gonads, thymus, and pancreas- hormones and functions (in detail for adrenal & pancreas) .Adrenal glands, the 3 categories of hormones secreted, and generally what they do. Islets hormones and functions- alpha & beta only .Know the hormones produced by heart, kidney, adipose tissue, gonads Describe how hormones can interact with each other, with examples List the hormones involved in the stress re spons e and what the hormones do. Page 1 ot 1 201 words LE + 100% 4:53 PM O Type here to searchExplanation / Answer
Hormones are the substances that influences growth and development of body. Hormones are released either from exocrine glands or endocrine glands.
Exocrine glands:may or may not have ducts. And they regulate body temperature by producing sweat .They secrete some enzymes ,sweat ,saliva, milk. Examples of exocrine glands -gastric gland,sweat gland, salivary glands.
Endocrine glands :are ductless glands .They secrete hormones of pituitary and adrenal glands.these glands are involved in metabolism ,growth, development ,water and electrolytes balance.
*Hormones are classified as
Animal hormones -amino acid derivatives ,eicosanoids, steroid derivatives. They are melatonin ,thyroxine ,vasopressin, insulin, growth hormone, lutenising hormone ,follicle stimulatinghormone,estradiol,testosterone,cortisol etc.
Plant hormones -abscisic acid, gibberlins,cytokines,etc
*Target tissues or organs for various hormones
Growth hormone -bones, skeletal muscles.
Follicle stimulating hormone-ovaries, testis.
Lutenising hormone -ovaries, testis.
Oxytocin-uterus, breast
Anti diuretic hormone -kidney
Sex hormones -reproductive hormones
Insulin-muscle cells
Thyroid stimulating hormone -thyroid gland.
Hormones are either stimulated or inhibited to release on target cells.
*Receptors are the substances to which a hormone binds and experts their action. Peptide hormones are attached to the receptors present on the plasma membrane. Steroid hormones are bind to the receptors found in the cytoplasm. Water soluble hormones bind to receptors found in endocrine cells.
*Hormone secretions are controlled by neural system, endocrine system ,feedback system .Neural which means by generating nerve impulses, feedback which either inhibit or stimulate.
*Hypothalamus hormones include-Thyrotropin releasing hormone :Thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone :Follicle stimulating hormone ,lutenising hormone.
Growth hormone releasing hormone :growth hormone
Corticotropin releasing hormone :adrenocorticotropic hormone
Somatostatin:vasopressin,oxytocin.this somatostatin inhibit growth and thyroid stimulating hormone .
Dopamine.inhibits prolactin .
The hormones have various functions based on their target site.
Pituitary gland hormones -thyroid, follicle stimulating ,lutenising hormone ,adrenocoticotropic hormone .They have role in growth, development and secretions.
*T3 and T4 regulate body temperature, metabolism ,heart rate.
Calcitonin regulate levels of calcium and phosphate in blood.
Parathyroid hormone release calcium into the blood which is essential for normal functioning of heart, nervous system, kidneys and bones.
Melatonin regulate sleep and wakefulness.
*Adrenal gland hormones include cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline.
Gonads include follicle stimulating ,lutenising hormone
Thymus include a hormone thymosin which regulates T cell development and production .
Pancreas secrete hormones like glucagon, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin.
*Hormones produced by heart is atrial natriuretic peptide. Kidney release hormones like erythropoietin ,calcitrol, renin .Adipose tissue hormones include leptin,angiotensinogen,plasminogen activator inhibitor1,several cytokines.Gonad hormones include estradiol, progesterone ,testosterone.
*Hormones involved in stress response are adrenaline,cortisol,norepinephrine.
The adrenaline increases heart rate and elevate blood pressure.
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