Chapter 17 – Challenge 3 – Page 1119 Write a program that creates a map of the U

Question

Chapter 17 – Challenge 3 – Page 1119
Write a program that creates a map of the U.S. states as keys, and their capitals as values.

The program should then randomly quiz the by displaying the name of a state and ask the user to enter the state’s capital. The program should keep a count of correct and incorrect responses.

Example:

// Capital Quiz

#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <map> #include <cstdlib> #include <ctime> using namespace std;

// Function prototypes

void split(const string&, char, vector<string>&); void getMappings(map<string, string> &);
void quiz(map<string, string>, int);

int main() {

const int NUM_QUESTIONS = 5; map<string, string> capitals;

// Build the map.

getMappings(capitals);

// Run the quiz.

quiz(capitals, NUM_QUESTIONS);

system("pause");

return 0; }

//************************************************************** // The split function splits s into tokens, using delim as the * // delimiter. The tokens are added to the tokens vector. * // (See Chapter 10 in your textbook for more information about * // this function.) * //************************************************************** void split(const string& s, char delim, vector<string>& tokens) { }

//**************************************************************

// The getMappings function reads the states and capitals
// from a file named StateCapitals.txt and stores them as
// key-value pairs in the capitals parameter, that is passed
// by reference. //************************************************************** void getMappings(map<string, string> &capitals) }

void quiz(map<string, string> capitals, int numQuestions){}

* * *

*

Example output:

I'm going to ask you for the capitals of 5 states. What is the capital of Oklahoma? Oklahoma City Correct!

What is the capital of Pennsylvania? Helen Sorry, that's incorrect.

What is the capital of Arkansas? little Rock Sorry, that's incorrect.

What is the capital of Georgia? Atlanta Correct!

What is the capital of Vermont? Montpelier Correct!

=======================================

End of the quiz.
Correct answers: 3
Incorrect answers: 2 =======================================

Press any key to continue . . .

Explanation / Answer

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <locale>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

// Function prototypes
void split(const string&, char, vector<string>&);
void getMappings(map<string, string> &);
void quiz(map<string, string>, int);

// main function definition
int main()
{
// Creates a constant for 5 questions
const int NUM_QUESTIONS = 5;
// Declares a map for capitals
map<string, string> capitals;

// Calls the function to build the map.
getMappings(capitals);

// Calls the function to fun the quiz.
quiz(capitals, NUM_QUESTIONS);

system("pause");

return 0;
}// End of main function

//**************************************************************
// The split function splits s into tokens, using delim as the delimiter. *
// The tokens are added to the tokens vector. *
// (See Chapter 10 in your textbook for more information about this function.) *
//**************************************************************
void split(const string& s, char delim, vector<string>& tokens)
{
// To store the city and capital after split
string state = "", capital = "";
// Finds the delimiter in the string and store the delimiter index position
int pos = s.find(delim);
// Extract the city from the string s, from zero index position to the delimiter index position
state = s.substr (0, pos);
// Extract the capital from the string s, from delimiter index position to the end position of the string s
capital = s.substr(pos + 1);
// Adds the city and capital to the vector
tokens.push_back(state);
tokens.push_back(capital);
}// End of function

//**************************************************************
// The getMappings function reads the states and capitals
// from a file named StateCapitals.txt and stores them as
// key-value pairs in the capitals parameter, that is passed by reference.
//**************************************************************
void getMappings(map<string, string> &capitals)
{
// ifstream object declared
ifstream rFile;
// Declares a vector
vector<string> tokens;
// To store data read from file
string data;
// Counter for city and capital
int c = 0;
// Opens the file for reading
rFile.open("StateCapitals.txt");
// Check that file can be opened or not
// is_open() function returns true if a file is open and associated with this stream object.
// Otherwise returns false.
if(!rFile.is_open())
{
// Displays error message
cout<<" Error: Unable to open the file! ";
return;
}// End of if condition

// Loops till end of file
while(!rFile.eof())
{
// Reads one line of data from file and stores it in body
getline(rFile, data);
// Calls the function to split the city and capital by the delimiter ':'
split(data, ':', tokens);
// Adds the city and capital from the vector to map
capitals.insert(pair<string, string>(tokens[c], tokens[c + 1]));
// Increase the counter by two for pair of city and capital
c+=2;
}// End of while loop
}// End of function

//**************************************************************
// The quiz function to play the quiz for 5 questions.
// Generates a random number and ask the capital name for the random question generated from map.
// Compares the map capital with the state to check for correct answer.
// Keeps the counter for correct and incorrect answer
//**************************************************************
void quiz(map<string, string> capitals, int numQuestions)
{
// Generates iterator for map
map<string, string>::iterator it;
// To store the state name entered by the user
string state;
// Lower and higher range of random number
int low = 1, high = 28;
// Counter for random question
int c = 0;
// Counter for question answer
int correct = 0, incorrect = 0;
cout<<" I'm going to ask you for the capitals of 5 states."<<endl;
srand((unsigned)time(0));
// Loops till number of questions (5)
for(int x = 0; x < numQuestions; x++)
{
// Generates a random number
int question = low + (rand() % high);
// Iterates till end of map
for ( it = capitals.begin(); it != capitals.end(); it++ )
{
// Increase the counter by one
c++;
// Checks if the question number generated randomly is equals to the question counter
if(c == question)
// Come out of the loop
break;
}// End of for loop
// Asks the question by taking the state name as the first value of the iterator
cout<<" What is the capital of "<<it->first;
getline(cin, state);
state = " " + state;
// Compares the capital entered by the user and the capital stored in map second
if(state.compare(it->second) == 0)
{
// Increase the correct counter by one
correct++;
// Display the message
cout<<"Correct"<<endl;
}// End of if condition
// Otherwise wrong
else
{
// Displays the message
cout<<"Sorry, that's incorrect."<<endl;
// Increase the wrong counter by one
incorrect++;
}// End of else
// Reset the question counter to zero for next question
c = 0;
}// End of for loop
// Displays correct and wrong count
cout<<" =======================================";
cout<<" End of the quiz.";
cout<<" Correct answers: "<<correct;
cout<<" Incorrect answers: "<<incorrect;
cout<<" ======================================= ";
}// End of main function

Sample Output:

I'm going to ask you for the capitals of 5 states.

What is the capital of West Bengal Gangtok
Sorry, that's incorrect.

What is the capital of Rajasthan Jaipur
Correct

What is the capital of Orissa Bhubaneswar
Correct

What is the capital of Punjab Chandigarh
Correct

What is the capital of Uttar Pradesh Dehradun
Sorry, that's incorrect.

=======================================
End of the quiz.
Correct answers: 3
Incorrect answers: 2
=======================================
Press any key to continue . . .

StateCapitals.txt file contents

Andhra Pradesh : Hyderabad
Arunachal Pradesh : Itanagar
Assam : Dispur
Bihar : Patna
Go : Panaji
Gujarat : Gandhinagar
Haryana : Chandigarh
Himachal Pradesh : Shimla
Karnataka : Bangalooru
Kerala : Thiruvananthapuram
Madhya Pradesh : Bhopal
Maharashtra : Mumbai
Manipur : Imphal
Meghalaya : Shillong
Mizoram : Aizawl
Nagaland : Kohima
Orissa : Bhubaneswar
Punjab : Chandigarh
Rajasthan : Jaipur
Sikkim : Gangtok
Tamil Nadu : Chennai
Tripura : Agartala
Uttar Pradesh : Lucknow
West Bengal : Kolkata
Chhattisgarh : Raipur
Uttarakhand : Dehradun
Jharkhand : Ranchi
Telangana : Hyderabad

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