What is the difference between stream insertion and stream extraction? What is e

Question

What is the difference between stream insertion and stream extraction? What is each used for?

List the three selection statements and three repetition statements.

What is an "off-by-one error"? Provide an example.

Provide an example of each of the four scopes for an identifier: function scope, file scope, block scope, and function-prototype scope. Briefly discuss each scope.

What is protected access?

Discuss some of the problems that arise when using switch logic to process different objects.

Why are random-access files preferable to sequential-access files in performance-oriented situations?

What are the advantages of using function templates instead of macros?

Explanation / Answer

List the three selection statements and three repetition statements

Answer:

Selection statements:

Three types of selection statements.

if statement:

if…else statement:

switch statement:

repetition statements:

While loop in Java

In Java while loop, a loop is continuously executed if the Boolean condition comes true, it can be considered as a repeating if statement.

For loop in Java

Java for loop is a concise version of while loop, it provides the user to write the whole condition, i.e. initialization, condition and increment/decrement in one line.

do while loop in Java

A do while statement is an exit controlled loop, i.e. it checks the condition after the execution of the loop.

What is an "off-by-one error"? Provide an example.

Answer:

An off-by-one error (OBOE), also commonly known as an OBOB (off-by-one bug), or OB1 error is a logic error involving the discrete equivalent of a boundary condition. It often occurs in computer programming when an iterative loop iterates one time too many or too few

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