QUESTION 3 Explain the difference between allopatricand sympatric speciation. De

Question

QUESTION 3 Explain the difference between allopatricand sympatric speciation. Describe 2 specific conditions that canlead to each type of speciation. Include the following terms inyour answer: gene flow, reproductive isolation, genetic mutation,allele frequencies, and subpopulation. Finally, give a detailedexample of how each type of speciation might occur. QUESTION 3 Explain the difference between allopatricand sympatric speciation. Describe 2 specific conditions that canlead to each type of speciation. Include the following terms inyour answer: gene flow, reproductive isolation, genetic mutation,allele frequencies, and subpopulation. Finally, give a detailedexample of how each type of speciation might occur.

Explanation / Answer

Once geographic separation has occurred the separate gene poolmay diverge through mechanisms, such as genetic mutationand natural selection. Natural selection can act on theseparated organisms, and genetic drift can alter allelefrequencies.

Ex: The island of Madagascar started to separate from the Indianlandmass. Two present day frogs species, Mantellinae andRhacophorinae diverged with the Madagascar's separation. Both sharea common ancestor that once lived on the Madagascar-Indialandmass.

Sympatric speciation - a speciation that occursin populations from the same geographic location. This speciationcan occur if the gene flow is reduced by such factors aspolyploidy (species can originate from an accident duringcell division that results with an extra set of chromosomes),habitat differentiation (genetic factors enable asubpopulation to exploit a habitat or resource not used bythe parent population), reproductively isolated (aswitch from food or habitat source the parent population didn'thave), and sexual selection (typically females selectmales based on their appearance).

Ex: Sexual selectoin: Cichlid population's female select theirmate based on appearance. There are two different coloration ofbreeded males: Pundamilia pundamilia males have ablue-tinged back, whereas Pundamilia nyererei males have ared-tinged back. The female then chooses based on the malesbreeding color, being the main reproductive barrier keeping thegene pool of two species separate.

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