a 20 years old male found unconscious on a street. he smalledof alcohol. after i

Question

a 20 years old male found unconscious on a street. he smalledof alcohol. after intravenous administration of glucose, thepatient quickly regained consciousness. patient said he had noteaten for 4 days, his main intake is vodka. (his blood thiaminelevel also below normal) blood sample results:                           PATIENT       NORMAL Value glucose(mM)         1.8             4.0-6.0 pyruvate (mM)        0.08           0.04-0.1 lactate(mM)           4.7             0.6-2.0 ehtanol(%)              0.03           0.0 (if higher than 0.08 = intoxicated) Bicarbonate (mM)   21.9            24-28 PH                          7.31           7.35-7.45 Q3 --> why blood bicarbonate level and pH level wereabnormal. what is this conditions called? Q4-->both ethanol and glucose can be completely oxidized toCO2 and H2O. list all the step in the complete oxidation of ehtanolthat directly or indirectly lead to the production or consumptionof ATP. what is the net production of ATP for each moleof ethanol. (related questions of Q1-Q2, Q5-Q6 are on the other topicheadline.)   a 20 years old male found unconscious on a street. he smalledof alcohol. after intravenous administration of glucose, thepatient quickly regained consciousness. patient said he had noteaten for 4 days, his main intake is vodka. (his blood thiaminelevel also below normal) blood sample results:                           PATIENT       NORMAL Value glucose(mM)         1.8             4.0-6.0 pyruvate (mM)        0.08           0.04-0.1 lactate(mM)           4.7             0.6-2.0 ehtanol(%)              0.03           0.0 (if higher than 0.08 = intoxicated) Bicarbonate (mM)   21.9            24-28 PH                          7.31           7.35-7.45 Q3 --> why blood bicarbonate level and pH level wereabnormal. what is this conditions called? Q4-->both ethanol and glucose can be completely oxidized toCO2 and H2O. list all the step in the complete oxidation of ehtanolthat directly or indirectly lead to the production or consumptionof ATP. what is the net production of ATP for each moleof ethanol. (related questions of Q1-Q2, Q5-Q6 are on the other topicheadline.)  

Explanation / Answer

      Q3)   Fromthe given data, it is clear that the concentration of lactate is more than the normallevel.                Thisstates that lactic acid is formed in alcoholioc persons.                Dueto this high levels of lactic acid in blood, the pH has decreasedto 7.31 from 7.35.                Owing tothis low pH, the concentration of H+ in the bodyincreases, due to which the the body is incapable of                formingbicarbonates in the kidney.                Hence,blood bicarbonate and pH levels are abnormal.                Thiscondition is known as metabolic acidosis, which ifunchecked leads to acidemia.       Q4)   Ethanol iscompletely oxidized to carbondioxide through a series ofsteps.                Initiallyit is converted to acetaldehyde with the release of NADH and theformed acetaldehyde is converted to                acetatewith the release of second molecule of NADH.                Thenumber of ATP's produced from these two NADH's are 6                Ethanol------->Acetaldehyde--------->Acetate-------->Acetyl Co.A +OAA--------------->Citrate----------               ------>Isocitrate------->ketoglutarate------------>succinlyCo.A-------->Succinate-------->Fumarate-------               --->Malate------------------->OAA                Theformed acetate is converted to acetyl Co.A which then enters theTCA cycle for further oxidation.                InTCA cycle the acetyl Co.A is completely oxidized tocarbondioxide.                Whenone molecule of acetyl Co.A enters TCA cycle, the number of ATPmolecules produced are 12.                So,the total number of ATP's produced when ethanol is completelyoxidized to carbondioxide are 18 (6 + 12)                                Hopeyou are satisfied with the answer.

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