Essay Questions: answer the following questions in one hundred words or less. 1.

Question

Essay Questions:  answer the following questions in one hundred words or less.  

1.        What does the concept of a region refer to and how is it useful in studying different parts of the world?

2.        Why do geographers study physical and cultural aspects of a place?

3.        Why do maps come in so many sizes, scales, types, and shapes?

4.      Pick one of the types of environmental threats discussed in class for the Pacific Region and give an example of its effects (include place names).

5.      Give a regionalization of North America (name the regions that are defined for a way of breaking the North America into smaller pieces) and discuss how it is derived.

6.      How has Europe influenced the point of view of this course, so far?

Explanation / Answer

1: ans)

In geography, regions are areas broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human-impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and the environment (environmental geography). Geographic regions and sub regions are mostly described by their imprecisely defined, and sometimes transitory boundaries, except in human geography, where jurisdiction areas such as national borders are clearly defined in law.

Apart from the global continental regions, there are also hydrospheric and atmospheric regions that cover the oceans, and discrete climates above the land and water masses of the planet. The land and water global regions are divided into subregions geographically bounded by large geological features that influence large-scale ecologies, such as plains and features.

As a way of describing spatial areas, the concept of regions is important and widely used among the many branches of geography, each of which can describe areas in regional terms. For example, ecoregion is a term used in environmental geography, cultural region in cultural geography, bioregion in biogeography, and so on. The field of geography that studies regions themselves is called regional geography.

In the fields of physical geography, ecology, biogeography, zoogeography, and environmental geography, regions tend to be based on natural features such as ecosystems or biotopes, biomes, drainage basins, natural regions, mountain ranges, soil types. Where human geography is concerned, the regions and subregions are described by the discipline of ethnography.

A region has its own nature that could not be moved. The first nature is its natural environment (landform, climate, etc.). The second nature is its physical elements complex that were built by people in the past. The third nature is its socio-cultural context that could not be replaced by new immigrants.

2: ans)

Physical geography focuses on understanding the processes and patterns in the natural environment, as opposed to the cultural or built environment, the domain of human geography. Within the body of physical geography, the Earth is often split either into several spheres or environments, the main spheres being the atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and pedosphere. Research in physical geography is often interdisciplinary and uses the systems approach.

Cultural geography is a sub-field within human geography. Cultural geography is the study of cultural products and norms and their variation across and relations to spaces and places. It focuses on describing and analyzing the ways language, religion, economy, government, and other cultural phenomena vary or remain constant from one place to another and on explaining how humans function spatially

Geographers use some of the same tools as other disciplines. However, there are some that are particularly tied to the spatial aspect of geography. Some of the tools are listed below. They are not comprehensive, but I think some of the most important. In the following sections, we will explore some of these tools.

3:ans)

There are different projections and scales and various other types to represent the geographic information needed by the map reader. For example someone who wants a road map of Indiana will find a political map of Africa to be totally useless. Various projections are helpful in understand the size or shape of an area.

4:ans)

The quantity of small plastic fragments floating in the north-east Pacific Ocean has increased a hundredfold over the past 40 years

Marine pollution is a generic term for the harmful entry into the ocean of chemicals or particles. The main culprits are those using the rivers for disposing of their waste. The rivers then empty into the Ocean, often also bringing chemicals used as fertilizers in agriculture. The excess of oxygen-depleting chemicals in the water leads to hypoxia and the creation of a dead zone.

Marine debris, also known as marine litter, is human-created waste that has ended up floating in a lake, sea, ocean or waterway. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the centre of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter.

In addition, the Pacific Ocean has served as the crash site of satellites, including Mars 96, Fobos-Grunt and Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite.

5:ans)

The Nine Nations of North America is a book written in 1981 by Joel Garreau. In it, Garreau suggests that North America can be divided into nine nations, which have distinctive economic and cultural features. He also argues that conventional national and state borders are largely artificial and irrelevant, and that his "nations" provide a more accurate way of understanding the true nature of North American society. Paul Meartz of Mayville State University called it "a classic text on the current regionalization of North America". The Nations reflected here are included in a Michael F. Flynn short story, in which all the Nine Nations have gained independence.

New England

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