Cellular Biology 9. What is the molecular function of lysosomes? Include in your

Question

Cellular Biology

9. What is the molecular function of lysosomes? Include in your answer the source of materials that are degraded within lysosomes and why these organelles can be viewed as cellular recycling centers.

10. Although the process of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) occurs in all eukaryotic cells, it has been best studied in animal cells. Describe in detail the process by which animal cells internalize low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles by the process of CME, including the main proteins/protein complexes involved, as well as the fate of the LDL particles and LDL receptors.

11. What is familial hypercholesterolemia? How do defects in the LDL receptor result in this hereditary disease?

Explanation / Answer

Lysosomes removing unwanted materials from cells through enzyme digestion. ex hydrolases

The ingested materials through endocytosis undergo degradation and recycling of biochemical end products leads to biosynthesis through recycling function. Phagocytosis of bacteria and foreign materials.

clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) receptor mediated endocytosis After endocytosis, the LDL particles are transported to lysosomes through rapid internalization of select transmembrane proteins within clathrin-coated vesicles, where lysosomal hydrolases degrade the apo-B protein to amino acids and cleave the cholesterol esters to cholesterol and fatty acids.

familial hypercholesterolemia, very high levels of low density lipoprotein in the blood caused due to genetic disorder. Mutations in the LDLR gene that encodes the LDL receptor protein causes accumulation of high levels of LDL in the blood. This genetic defect resulted as hereditary disease.

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