Explain each of the following observations in terms of theelectronic structure a

Question

Explain each of the following observations in terms of theelectronic structure and the bonding of the compoundsconsidered/involved. A crystal of high purity silicon is a poor conductor ofelectricity; however, the conductivity increases when a smallamount of arsenic is incorporated (doped) into the crystal. At ordinary conditions, HF (normal boiling point = 20 C) is aliquid, whereas HCl (normal boiling point = -114 C) is agas. Explain each of the following observations in terms of theelectronic structure and the bonding of the compoundsconsidered/involved. A crystal of high purity silicon is a poor conductor ofelectricity; however, the conductivity increases when a smallamount of arsenic is incorporated (doped) into the crystal. At ordinary conditions, HF (normal boiling point = 20 C) is aliquid, whereas HCl (normal boiling point = -114 C) is agas.

Explanation / Answer

The addition of Arsenic to Silicon increases theconuctivity of the semiconductor due to the presence of oneexcess

    electron in the Arsenic so the conductivityincreases as Arsenic has 5 valence electrons and silicon has fourvalence

    electrons so the four electrons of silicon will bind to Arsenic the presence of fifth electron inarswnic is free which is

      responsible for the conduction ofelectriocity.

     At ordinary conditions HF exist inliquid state whereas HCl exist in gaseous state as thetendency to form

      Hydrogen bonding is greater inthe case of HF than HCl . HCl cannot form hydrogen bondingdue to it's larger

        Atomic size.

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