Biochem: PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS AND EXPLAIN ANSWERS 1. What is the ATP yiel
ID: 69285 • Letter: B
Question
Biochem: PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS AND EXPLAIN ANSWERS
1. What is the ATP yield for the complete oxidation of a cis 9 C:17:1 fatty acid?
2. A chronic alcoholic has been eating poorly and is displaying nystagmus, has tingling on the hands and feet and has become very forgetful at times.
a. What vitamin deficiency would lead to such symptoms?
b. What enzymes activities would be negatively impacted by the vitamin deficiency?
c. What biomedical intermediates would accumulate as a result of this vitamin deficiency?
3. Indicate mutations in three enzymes that could lead to lactic acidosis. Explain why lactic acidosis results from a reduced activity of the enzymes you choose
4.
A six-year-old boy has become lethargic, was not eating well, and drinking copious amounts of water. He also urinated frequently, sometimes wetting the bed while sleeping. One morning he was difficult to rouse, and his parents took him to the emergency department, where a stat glucose showed 650 mg/dL, and a strip kit for the presence of ketones was positive. Blood pH was lower than normal. The emergency room physicians immediately placed the boy on an iv drip.
a. For appropriate treatment the iv should contain which compound?Explain your answer
b. The elevated blood glucose level exhibited by the boy is due primarily, to what physiological change.
c. The alteration in blood pH occurred due to what reason?
d. When the boy turned 16 he was at a sleepover with some friends, and they were busy playing video games and eating pizza. The patient had taken his medication, but was so engrossed in his game that he neglected to eat any pizza. The next morning he was difficult to awaken and his friends called 911 in a panic. Why was the boy difficult to awaken, and how should the paramedics treat him when they arrive?
Explanation / Answer
1. cis 9 C:17:1 represents the structure of oleic acid (cis-9-octadecanoic acid).
Oleic acid is a fatty acids with 18 carbons in its structure. The number of beta-oxidation rounds required are, (18/2)-1 = 8. Number of acetyl CoA produced are 18/2 = 9.
From beta-oxidation, 8 NADH are produced that correspond to 20 ATP (1 NADH = 2.5 ATP)
8 FADH2 are produce from Acetyl CoA = 12 ATP (1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)
Energy from Kreb's cycle: 27 NADH = 67.5 ATP
9 FADH2 = 13.5 ATP
9 ATP = 9ATP.
Total 122 ATP are produced and 2 ATP are consumed for the activation of fatty acid for lipolysis. So, the net ATP produced is, 120.
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