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UNIT 19 The Endocrine system 40n Activity 3: Investigating Endocrine case studie

ID: 77987 • Letter: U

Question

UNIT 19 The Endocrine system 40n Activity 3: Investigating Endocrine case studies: Clinician's Corner l. For each of the following pairs of disorders ist the gland and hormones involved. and then indicate one difference between the disorders. a. Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus b. Cushing syndrome and Addison disease c. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism PART II. Putting It All Together A. Review Questions Answer the following questions using your lecture notes, your textbook, and yourlab notes. 1. How are the adrenal gland and the pituitary gland similar? 2. Complete the following chart Control of Release Hormone Specific Source obytocin Neurosecretory cells of the posterior pinitory Nerve impulses traveling from hypothalamus toposterior pituitary T, and T. Epinephrine Prolactin

Explanation / Answer

Answer:

1. a. Diabetes mellitus:

Gland: Pancreas

Hormone: Insulin

Diabetes incipidus:

Gland: Pituitary gland

Hormone: Vasopressin

In case of diabetes milletus, there is increase in blood glucose level or hyperglycemia, while there is no rise in blood sugar level in diabetes incipidus.

b. Cushing syndrome:

Gland: Pituitary gland

Hormone: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Addison's disease:

Gland: Adrenal glands

Hormone: Cortisol (Aldosterone in some cases)

Cushing disease is caused by a pituitary gland tumor (usually benign) that over-secretes the hormone ACTH, thus overstimulating the adrenal glands' cortisol production.

Addison disease is a condition caused by damage or destruction of the adrenal cortex. This damage leads to lack of cortisol and other adrenal steroids.

c. Hypothyroidism:

Gland: Pituitary gland, Thyroid hormone

Hormone: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Thyroxine

Hyperthyroidism:

Gland: Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland

Hormone: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Thyroid hormone (Triiodothyronine and thyroxine)

Hypothyroidism is the reduced activity of the thyroid gland (underactive thyroid) leading to a decrease in circulating thyroid hormones. This slows the metabolic activity within the body.

Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) is the increased activity of the thyroid gland (overactive thyroid) resulting in an increase in the level of thyroid hormones circulating in the blood. This speeds up the metabolic activity within the body.

(Since there are more than 1 question, the first full question have been answered according to the rules of Chegg)