Biology and Genetics

1. As one proceeds away from a mid-oceanic ridge a. One finds that first the rid

1. As one proceeds away from a mid-oceanic ridge a.     One finds that first the ridge is magnetically neutral, but then there is a polar magnetic field b.     The oceanic crust b…

1. As the RNA polymerase is synthesizing new RNA, it uses one strand of the DNA

1. As the RNA polymerase is synthesizing new RNA, it uses one strand of the DNA as a template and it adds a new nucleotide to which end of the growing RNA strand? As it moves alon…

1. As the value of the inbreeding coefficient F increases, so does the frequency

1. As the value of the inbreeding coefficient F increases, so does the frequency of a. homozygotes. b. heterozygotes. c. dominant alleles. d. recessive alleles. e. highly fit geno…

1. As water cools below 4°C, it expands and becomes less dense. Why is this bene

1. As water cools below 4°C, it expands and becomes less dense. Why is this beneficial to organisms living in a lake during a cold winter? 2. Given that heat readily transfers bet…

1. As we discussed, NAD+ and NADP+ are essentially the same molecule (save the a

1. As we discussed, NAD+ and NADP+ are essentially the same molecule (save the additional phosphate in NADP+) and serve similar purposes in that they act as electron transfer agen…

1. As we discussed, NAD+ and NADP+ are essentially the same molecule (save the a

1. As we discussed, NAD+ and NADP+ are essentially the same molecule (save the additional phosphate in NADP+) and serve similar purposes in that they act as electron transfer agen…

1. As we have mentioned in the classroom, we can simply view that the cells are

1. As we have mentioned in the classroom, we can simply view that the cells are composed of “points”, “lines” and “planes”. Please use this simple “geometric” model and describe w…

1. As you are walking through the woods with a friend, you notice some ferns gro

1. As you are walking through the woods with a friend, you notice some ferns growing along the path. When you stop to examine them, you note that there are brown bumps on the unde…

1. Asbestosis is a disease that results in damage to the lungs because (there ma

1. Asbestosis is a disease that results in damage to the lungs because (there may be more than one answer) a. the asbestos gets broken down by the lysosomes b. the asbestos gets b…

1. Assess the endomembrane system and decide whether its evolution decreased or

1. Assess the endomembrane system and decide whether its evolution decreased or had no effect on the fitness of cells. 2. Illustrate the geography (subcellular localization) of th…

1. Assessing accuracy and proficiency: Do you get the same result if you measure

1. Assessing accuracy and proficiency: Do you get the same result if you measure the same dilution tube twice? What are some reasons you might not get the same measurement? 2. Doe…

1. Assessing accuracy and proficiency: Do you get the same result if you measure

1. Assessing accuracy and proficiency: Do you get the same result if you measure the same dilution tube twice? What are some reasons you might not get the same measurement? 2. Doe…

1. Assign the \"n\" value to each of the following in plant reproduction: a. Spo

1. Assign the "n" value to each of the following in plant reproduction: a. Sporophyte b. Gametophyte c. Sporangium d. Spores e, Zygote g. Primary endosperm h, Pollen i. Microspore…

1. Assignment 1: By using the general equation Nt = No x 2n where Nt is the numb

1. Assignment 1: By using the general equation Nt = No x 2n where Nt is the number of cells at given time (in minutes) and No is the initial number of cells, and “n” is the number…

1. Assume a mixture of GFP, cytochrome c and hemoglobin was separated using the

1. Assume a mixture of GFP, cytochrome c and hemoglobin was separated using the same gel filtration column and conditions you used in lab. Based on the size of each protein, list …

1. Assume a mixture of GFP, cytochrome c and hemoglobin was separated using the

1. Assume a mixture of GFP, cytochrome c and hemoglobin was separated using the same gel filtration column and conditions you used in lab. Based on the size of each protein, list …

1. Assume a person suffered a hemorrhage and lost 1.5 liters of blood, causing M

1. Assume a person suffered a hemorrhage and lost 1.5 liters of blood, causing MAP to fall to 80 mmHg. A. Name an enzyme released by cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus whose a…

1. Assume that Region A consists of a body of ocean water that has the following

1. Assume that Region A consists of a body of ocean water that has the following dimensions: 10 m deep by 10 km wide by 100 km long. [Hint: Express the volume in liters.] 2. Resea…

1. Assume that an ant population needs to consume 5 cal /cm2/day to persist at c

1. Assume that an ant population needs to consume 5 cal /cm2/day to persist at carrying capacity. Also, assume that trophic transfer efficiency (ecological efficiency) is 10%. Wha…

1. Assume that long ear lobes manifess in a population as an autosomal dominant

1. Assume that long ear lobes manifess in a population as an autosomal dominant trait that exhibits 50% penetrance. A person who is heterozygous for long lobes mates with a person…

1. Assume that the interior of an onion cell is 98% water molecules. The remaini

1. Assume that the interior of an onion cell is 98% water molecules. The remaining 2% is composed of various dissolved particles. The salt solution you applied to the slide is ___…

1. Assume that two pigments, red and blue, mix to give the normal purple color o

1. Assume that two pigments, red and blue, mix to give the normal purple color of petunia petals. Separate biochemical pathways synthesize the two pigments, as shown below. Each l…

1. Assume that you are comparing the relative importance of several different he

1. Assume that you are comparing the relative importance of several different health problems in a neighborhood. Your goal is to prioritize which health problem(s) to address. The…

1. Assume you could “look” into the musculature of an animal and watch neurosece

1. Assume you could “look” into the musculature of an animal and watch neurosecetion as an animal moved. What would you see? a. dynamic neurosecretion b. dynamic patterns of neuro…

1. Assuming that the average rate of neutral mutation is 10^-9 per base pair per

1. Assuming that the average rate of neutral mutation is 10^-9 per base pair per gamete, how many generations would it take, on average, for 20 base pair substitutions tobe fixed …

1. Astronomers discover an exoplanet that both transits its parent star and is d

1. Astronomers discover an exoplanet that both transits its parent star and is detectable through the radial velocity wobble method. Since we can estimate the radius of the planet…

1. At Athens the equivalent games of the Olympic games (at Olympia), the Pythian

1. At Athens the equivalent games of the Olympic games (at Olympia), the Pythian Games (at Delphi), the Isthmian Games (at Corinth) and the Nemean Games (at Nemea, or Thebes) were…

1. At present, the Southern Hemisphere is actually furthest from (closest to) th

1. At present, the Southern Hemisphere is actually furthest from (closest to) the Sun during its winter (summer) and the Northern Hemisphere is closest to (furthest from) the Sun …

1. At resting membrane potential in a neuron, which is true of the forces respon

1. At resting membrane potential in a neuron, which is true of the forces responsible for the movement of potassium (directed into or out of the cell)? Select one: a. The chemical…

1. At the beginning of his first therapy session. Douglas tells his therapist th

1. At the beginning of his first therapy session. Douglas tells his therapist that he wants help with getting along with his girtlfriend, who is threatening to drop him. He has ne…

1. At the end of mitosis, the activity of Mitosis Promoting Factor (MPF) is turn

1. At the end of mitosis, the activity of Mitosis Promoting Factor (MPF) is turned off. This happens when ___________. A. cyclin B is degraded B. MPF is exported out of the cell C…

1. At the end of the summer season, which would you expect to see at a typical b

1. At the end of the summer season, which would you expect to see at a typical beach: [Much more sand piled up on the beach relative to the end of the winter season] [Much less sa…

1. At the top of the world, a continental-continental ( ) plate boundary has bee

1. At the top of the world, a continental-continental ( ) plate boundary has been forming the ( ) highest peaks in the world. Involved here are the and plates. The fast moving Ind…

1. At what point in the Wilson cycle are the continents, plates, etc. that defin

1. At what point in the Wilson cycle are the continents, plates, etc. that define the Atlantic Ocean today? How far back in earth history do you have to go to get to the same poin…

1. At what types of boundary do mid-ocean ridges occur? (Select all that apply.)

1. At what types of boundary do mid-ocean ridges occur? (Select all that apply.)             A. Convergent boundary             B. Divergent boundary             C. Transform boun…

1. At which age does the thymus reach its maximal sizes? a. At birth During the

1. At which age does the thymus reach its maximal sizes? a. At birth During the first year of life c Teenage years (puberty) Between 40 and 50 years of age e. After 70 years of ag…

1. Aunt Sally said that she was sure that Colin had an ulcer. What Explain norma

1. Aunt Sally said that she was sure that Colin had an ulcer. What Explain normal digestion and protection of the stomach and how this aia stomach ulcer stomach ulcer. 2. What evi…

1. Autobiographical memory relates to episodic memory in that __________. a. aut

1.      Autobiographical memory relates to episodic memory in that __________. a. autobiographical memories are formed from several episodic memories b. these terms refer to the s…

1. Autoimmunity may be defined as: a. a specific acquired immunity in which inte

1. Autoimmunity may be defined as: a. a specific acquired immunity in which interleukins control the process of foreign body destruction b. a specific humoral or cell-mediated imm…

1. Auxin is directly or indirectly responsible for apical dominance in plants. I

1. Auxin is directly or indirectly responsible for apical dominance in plants. In this phenomenon, the growth of lateral or axillary buds is inhibited by auxin that moves down the…

1. B cell activating signals must be transduced to the cell interior to influenc

1. B cell activating signals must be transduced to the cell interior to influence the developmental processes. Yet, the cytoplasmic tails of BCRs are too short to function in sign…

1. B cell activating signals must be transduced to the cell interior to influenc

1. B cell activating signals must be transduced to the cell interior to influence the developmental processes. Yet, the cytoplasmic tails of BCRs are too short to function in sign…

1. BCA Assay a) what is this technique used for? b) how does it work? c) how do

1. BCA Assay a) what is this technique used for? b) how does it work? c) how do you determine your sample concentration? 2) Principles of mass sprectrometry (MALDI-TOF) d) what ar…

1. BIO HELP PLS!!!! a. Numerous interesting drugs and toxins act on channels and

1. BIO HELP PLS!!!! a. Numerous interesting drugs and toxins act on channels and transporters. One such drug is scopolamine, which is used to treat vertigo, motion sickness, and s…

1. Bacteria occur as part of the normal flora of humans and animals. Where do yo

1. Bacteria occur as part of the normal flora of humans and animals. Where do you find these bacteria on humans? 2. Where do you find bacteria on plants? 3. What is a colony? 4. R…

1. Bacterial cells containing an F plasmid that has acquired bacterial chromosom

1. Bacterial cells containing an F plasmid that has acquired bacterial chromosomal games are called 2. The figure below shows the results of interrupted-mating experiments with 3 …

1. Bacterial cells containing an F plasmid that has acquired bacterial chromosom

1. Bacterial cells containing an F plasmid that has acquired bacterial chromosomal genes are called 2. The figure below shows the results of interrupted-mating experiments with 3 …

1. Bacterial evolved quorum sensing which allows bacteria of the same type to fu

1. Bacterial evolved quorum sensing which allows bacteria of the same type to function like a multicellular organism. a. What molecules are needed for quorum sensing? b. How might…

1. Bacterial transcription initiation a. What are the major components of a bact

1.      Bacterial transcription initiation a.      What are the major components of a bacterial promoter? Do you understand their nomenclature (i.e. how are they related to the tr…

1. Bacterial transcription termination VS . Eukaryotic transcription initiation

1.      Bacterial transcription termination VS. Eukaryotic transcription initiation a.      What is required for Rho-independent termination? How does each sequence feature contri…