What is/are the main dependent and independent variable(s)? a.dependent = b. ind
ID: 109783 • Letter: W
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What is/are the main dependent and independent variable(s)? a.dependent =b. independent = a.dependent =
b. independent =
The data used in this analysis was measured how? A.official or unofficial?
B. specific type (TITLE) of official/unofficial? The data used in this analysis was measured how? A.official or unofficial?
B. specific type (TITLE) of official/unofficial?
What is the age range of the adolescents being analyzed in the current study?
Did the author collect his/her own data? If not, what is the source of the data in the current study? A. yes or no =
B. if not, name of source = Did the author collect his/her own data? If not, what is the source of the data in the current study? A. yes or no =
B. if not, name of source =
According to Table 1, what proportion of the sample was male? Which skin tone category did the largest proportion of Blacks and Latinos fall under?
a. male proportion =
b. Blacks =
c. Latinos =
List two (2) main CONTROL variables and explain why these are important to control for in the present study. According to Table 1, what proportion of the sample was male? Which skin tone category did the largest proportion of Blacks and Latinos fall under?
a. male proportion =
b. Blacks =
c. Latinos =
List two (2) main CONTROL variables and explain why these are important to control for in the present study.
According to Table 3, what is the impact of SKIN TONE on ARRESTS for BLACKS in this study?
Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080 01419870.2014.952752 The salience of skin tone: effects on the exercise of police enforcement authority Karletta M. White (Received 17 December 2013: accepted 28 July 2014) Using nationally representative data I examine the relationship between skin tone and police contact, in particular, the relationship between blacks and Latinos' skin tone and being stopped or arrested by the police, controlling for prior delinquency and other important factors. Descriptive results show that darker-skinned blacks and Latinos are stopped and arrested more often than lighter-skinned members of the same group. When controlling for delinquency alone, blacks experience a significant increase in the number of times they are stopped and an 18% increase in the odds of being arrested by police as skin tone darkens. For Latinos, the interaction of skin tone and gender significantly affects the odds of police stops and arrests even controlling for demographic factors, suggesting that future research on skin tone should incorporate analysis for Latino/as as well as blacks Keywords: skin tone; race; blacks; Latinos; police contact; racial profiling Blacks and Latinos are disproportionately stopped for questioning and arrested compared to whites, making the issue of racial discrimination by police a hot topic for many scholars (see Lundman and Kaufman 2003; Reitzel, Rice, and Piquero 2004; Skogan and Frydl 2004; Kochel, Wilson, and Mastrofski 2011 ) and federal agencies (e. g. Durose, Smith, and Langan 2007). Recent research has also begun to shed light on how skin tone may affect blacks' and Latinos' experience with police contact (Barlow and Barlow 2002; Dixon and Maddox 2005) and the criminal justice system (e.g Viglione, Hannon, and DeFina 201; Gyimah-Brempong and Price 2006). The existing literature on skin tone primarily emphasizes the social and economic advantages experienced by light-skinned minorities compared to their darker-skinned peers (e.g Allen, Telles, and Hunter 2000; Porter 1991; Hughes and Hertel 1990; Udry, Bauman, and Chase 1971). This study will assess the relationship between differences in skin tone for both blacks and Latinos and their experiences of police contact during young adulthood, in order to assess whether those with darker skin are stopped by the police or arrested more often than those in the same racial group but with a lighter skin tone. Contung impact of skin tone Continuing Preferences for lighter skin and straight hair (Bond and Cash 1992) associated with intemalized stereotypes of beauty' and 'civilization (Fanon 1967) remain both within 2014 Taylor & Francis
Explanation / Answer
a.Dependent variable is that whose value is dependent on another variable. Here the dependent variable is the number of arrests or stops made by the police.
b. Independent variable is that whose value can be manipulated in order to obtain the result. Here the independent variable is the skin tone light skinned or dark skinned.
In this the study the relationship between skin tone and the police decision to arrest or stop someone is analysed. The study was conducted for both Latinos and Blacks young adults. In this study the dependent variable is the number of arrests or stops by police and the independent variable is the skin tone.On the basis of the self study of the literature the author proposes the hypothesis that darker the skin tonned more likely that police will arrest or stop someone.
For this study the black as well as latino adults population were used. Their age range was between 18-26.
No, the author did not collect his own data. The data was collected from the inhome surveys of the Add health in which there is school based study of adolescents is being conducted. For this study the author uses wave I, III and IV study. Wave I study was conducted between 1994-1995 and include home interviews of 17,670 parents and 20,745 adolescents. Wave III was conducted in 2004-2005 and includes interviews of the original respondents which can be located when they were between ages of 18-26. Wave IV data interviews were conducted 2007-2008 when the original respondents were between age of 24-32. The author uses Wave I data as baseline information for all the respondents.
The male proportion for blacks were 0.47% and latino were 0.52%. The total range of male proportion in the study was 0-1%. The blacks have the medium brown as the largest skin tone category whereas the Latino have the white as the largest skin tone category.
Two main controlling variables are the past criminal activity of the person. The police are likely to arrest or stop someone who has bad reputation or the person who has been arrested before by the police. Also the arrest decision is decided on the basis of age and gender. This are likely to affect the study.
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