Name: What is the typical evidence given for or against global warming? Give at
ID: 120636 • Letter: N
Question
Name: What is the typical evidence given for or against global warming? Give at least three examples. What is the difference between evidence and modeling in global warming? How is the scientific approach different from the value (believe ) driven approach to temperature change and this topic of global warming. You can use D. Kahan's approach if you want? Describe in a few words how the following terms are related to Global warming: Carbon foot print, Green House Gas, sea-level change, Mass extinction, energy / CO2 relation, IPCC, economic cost, value, ethic Discuss (compare and contrast) between evidence and "alternate realities" driven decision making in the context of global warming. How do these make sense respectively? Who, profits from which approach? How is this reflected in the US political decisions of the last decade for example? How could we break the current hyper partisanship about this topic? W 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. hat has overpopulation, carrying capacity and the tragedy of the commons (g. Hardin) to do with Global warming? Again illuminate from perspectives of evidence (science) and believe driven decision making Why should we care? Contrast between the different approaches 8.Explanation / Answer
1. The typical evidence given for climate change are:
a. The measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels since 1958 as measured from the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii and from the South Pole which shows a steady increase in CO2 levels in the atmosphere.
b. The scientific understanding that the temperature has risen by 0.80C (1.4 °F) since 1900.
c. A reduction in glaciers or the ice cover in various parts of the world.
The typical evidence given against the climate change are:
a. Based on the historical observations, the temperature rise happens first followed by the rise in carbon dioxide.
b. There is a pause, referring to a slow rise during 1998-2012.
c. The ice cover is growing, referring to cherrypicked data from some parts.
2. An evidence is something that conclusively suggests certain hypothesis is true or false whereas a model is an iteration based exercise that predicts the future events based on logical and scientific assumptions. In terms of global warming, the rise in temperature in recent decades compared to historical temperature through ice core data is an evidence whereas simulation of the predicted temperature rise due to the continued emissions of greenhouse gases till the end of this century is a model prediction.
3. The scientific approach demands a complete apathy towards the subject in question; an unbiased judgment. Whereas the value-based approach tends to place the judgment based on the beliefs one has due to personal interest, or falling in line or by collective conscience. The value-based approach tends to take a side and is much less dependant on the evidence available whereas the scientific approach relies heavily on the evidence and methodologies. D Kahan's study suggests that public divisions over climate change stem not from the public’s incomprehension of science but from a distinctive conflict of interest.
4. Carbon footprint is the term used to refer the overall carbon emissions by any individual, or a household, or a company or a product. The biggers the carbon footprint, bigger is the amount of emissions and hence bigger is the warming impact caused. There is direct and indirect footprint referring to direct emissions and the secondary emissions by the products we use respectively.
Greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, some industrial chemicals) play a key role, since they are transparent to the incoming short wavelength solar radiation, but are not quite transparent to the outgoing longer wavelength radiation from Earth. In fact, they absorb the outgoing radiation in part, and that traps energy that otherwise would go out to space. This phenomenon creates a kinda blanket called the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warmer and makes it habitable for us.
Sea level change: The greenhouse effect causes the temperature rise and it makes the glacial ice to melt causing a change is sea level. This rise in sea level happens very slowly over the span of many years.
Mass extinction: It is believed that we are currently witnessing the sixth mass extinction on the planet earth and the primary cause is believed to be the climate change. The last mass extinction was 65 million years before which wiped out the dinosaurs from earth.
Energy is the primary source of carbon emission. The energy from electricity is ususaaly produced through fossil fuels causing huge emissions. The energy consumed by our automobiles are also a big soure of carbon emissions.
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the scientific body under the auspices of the United Nations formed in the year of 1988 upon the request o member countries.
Economic cost/value and ethics: These are interrelated terms where the economic cost of the certain activity, say, mitigation of carbon emissions might yield more value than the profit in terms of monetary benefits. Such value propositions are always ethically supported and justified. Should the underdeveloped countries spend on climate change mitigation though they never caused it is the ethical considerations under climate change.
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