What is DNA made of, How about RNA, what are the differences What is transcripti

ID: 178213 • Letter: W

Question

What is DNA made of, How about RNA, what are the differences What is transcription, translation, and replication processes? What is meant by complementary nucleotides on DNA, or DNA/RNA hybrid, Which nucleotide pairs with each other (e.g. G with C& A with T)? What is a codon, anticodon, and tRNA? What are the differences amongst mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA? What is a cell surface receptor? What is a ligand? What causes downstream effects to control ger expression after a ligand binds to a receptor. Ligands bind to receptor also influence intracellular enzymes and structural protein remodeling.

Explanation / Answer

What is DNA made of, how about RNA, what are the differences.

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA stands for ribonucleic acid.

DNA is composed with Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thyrmine nitrogen bases, whereas RNA composed with Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil.

Those nitrogenbases binds to pentose sugar molecule with N-Glycosidic bond. The sugar molecule is the main reason behind the name of these nucleic acids.

In DNA the pentose sugar is Deoxyribose sugar and in RNA it is Ribose sugar.

DNA

RNA

Double standard

Single standard

Purine and pyrimidine are equal in number

No proportionality between purine and pyrimidine

It replicates to form new DNA molecule

It cannot replicate itself

Long lived molecule

Life span is very short

What is transcription, translation and replication processes?

Transcription: The process of formation of transcript/ The synthesis of messenger RNA from a DNA template

Translation: Decoding mRNA information to build a protein that contains a specific series of amino acids.

Replication: is a process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.

What is meant by complementary nucleotides on DNa or DNA/RNA hybrid, which nucleotide pairs with each other?

In DNA Stable pairings occur between purine and pyrimidines, these purine and pyrimidines are called complementary nucleotides.

A always binds with T and G always binds with C.

What is codon, anticodon and tRNA?

Codon: sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Anticodon: sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in tRNA that binds to a corresponding codon

tRNA: an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, which serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins

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