What is DNA? Where is it located, and what are its main functions? How does the

Question

What is DNA? Where is it located, and what are its main functions? How does the physical structure (shape) of the DNA molecule facilitate one of these functions? Explain how the allele that causes the fatal condition of sickle-cell anemia has been preserved in certain populations that are exposed to malaria. Why is sickle-cell anemia relatively frequent today even among populations who live in geographic regions where malaria is under control? A man believes he is the father of his ex-girlfriend's child, but she insists he is not. In an effort to try to convince him that a paternity test is not necessary, the ex-girlfriend begins to look into single gene traits. She finds out that the child has free hanging earlobes (a dominant trait), just like her. The man claiming to be the father has attached earlobes. She also discovers that even though she has blood type A, her child has blood type O, and the man has blood type A as well (recall blood type O is recessive, but type A and B are dominant). Given these traits, can she be certain this man is NOT the father? Explain. Show your work with at least one square for each trait (blood type and earlobes). Two individuals are heterozygous for Sickle Cell Anemia (AS). They have three children together and are preparing for the birth of their fourth. Two of their children have normal hemoglobin (AA), and one has Sickle Cell Anemia (SS), and is receiving treatment. What are the chances that their next child will be born with Sickle Cell Anemia (SS)? Explain your answer. One of the children with normal hemoglobin grows up to marry someone who is heterozygous for the trait (AS). What are the chances that THEIR children will be able to survive a future outbreak of malaria? Show your work.

Explanation / Answer

The DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID or the DNA is a polymer molecule whose segments are called as Genes and they carry Genetic Information for one generation to another.DNA is composed of molecules called Nucleotides.Each nucleotide contain a phosphate group,a sugar group and a Nitrogen base.Nucleotides are connected to each other to form two long strands that Spiral each other forming a Double Helix shape.The significance of this specific Double Helix is that during replication process this shape facilitates the unfolding and allowing the daughter strand to join the old parent strand in a Palindromic fashion hence the DNA molecule replicates itself easily.

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